小众英文诗歌

英国诗歌篇浪漫主义前的单子主要参照的是外交学院英语翻译专业大三上的选读，教材是 《英国文学选读（上）》 ，浪漫主义及之后的诗歌参照的是我这个学期选的英国浪漫主义诗文经典，教材是 The Health Anthropology of American Literature A, B，之前写的 英语文学必读书单（美国小说篇） ，用的也是这套教材，不过是C、D卷，就不赘述了。 为了方便阅读，点击每首诗歌的标题，就能打开该诗歌。我知道我写得东西比较小众一点，谢谢大家一直以来的支持和鼓励！I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages 古英语及中世纪时期-英雄史诗 1. Beowulf 贝奥武夫 ——英格兰民族史诗，古英语时期的最高成就 the single major surviving work of the Anglo-Saxon (449-1100) heroic poetry. 安格鲁撒克逊时期唯一流传下来的英雄史诗。和《失乐园》一同列为最伟大的史诗。贝奥武夫是古代英雄的典型，忠诚，勇气，责任，荣誉。 《贝奥武夫》的艺术手法（名词解释）： ① Alliteration押头韵 ② Kenning: a compound made up of two or more nouns standing for another noun. Kenning（比喻复合辞），是用两个或两个以上的词代表另一个名词，是古英语时期古典诗歌的典型手法，能为普通事物添加美感。 2.Geoffery Chaucer 乔叟1340(?)~1400 Middle English writer The father of English poetry. The first author to demonstrate vernacular English in art. He was buried in “the Poet’s Corner” in Westminster Abbey as the first person buried there. 英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。John Dryden称其为“英国诗歌之父”。是第一个葬在威斯敏斯特”诗人之角“的人。 The Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷故事集 ：first time to use ‘heroic couplet’ in middle English. 中古英语的杰作，首先使用英雄双韵体。写作风格是witty satire，light humor，irony。 Heroic couplet英雄双韵体: commonly used for epic and narrative poetry; constructed from a sequence of rhyming pairs of iambic pentameter lines.II. The Renaissance Period 文艺复兴时期伊丽莎白时代 1. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙•斯宾塞（1552~1599） university wits大学才子派 The poets’ poet. He greatly influenced the poetry of Milton and Keats. “诗人的诗人” ① The Shepheardes Calender牧人月历 Pastoral poem in 12 eclogues 每个月一首田园牧歌（我加在链接的是四月）  It sets the pastoral fashion in English literature. Eclogue牧歌: a classical form in the tradition of Virgil. It presents the moods, feelings and attitudes of the simple, rural life, usually in dialogues between shepherds and shepherdesses who adopt classical, French, or English peasant names. ② The Faerie Queene 仙后 -romantic epic浪漫史诗 An allegorical work in praise of Queen Elizabeth 夸赞伊丽莎白一世的寓言 I. It is the first work written in Spenserian stanza. Spenserian stanza 斯宾塞体: consists of 8 five-foot iambic lines, followed by a six-foot iambic line. The rhyme scheme is “ababbcbcc”. 2. William Shakespeare威廉•莎士比亚1564~1616 A sonnet十四行诗： is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme. Shakespearean Sonnet莎士比亚式十四行诗 : Three quatrain and one couplet, 韵律是"abab cdcd efef gg". Sonnet 18: Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? Sonnet 29: When, in disgrace with fortune and men’s eyes Speech: “All the world’s a stage” Speech: “O Romeo, Romeo, wherefore art thou Romeo?” Speech: “To be, or not to be, that is the question” III. The 17th Century 十七世纪 1. John Milton约翰•弥尔顿（1608~1674） 天才诗人，两大史诗，经口述一笔写就： ① Paradise Lost 失乐园 first narrative poem that does not rhyme ②Paradise Regained 复乐园 （其实弥尔顿这个部分，老师也没有讲文本。本身课程容量太大，弥尔顿理解起来也比较困难。我自己看了失乐园的一部分，看不下去。大家查点资料理解下弥尔顿笔下的撒旦之特殊就好。）2. John Donne 约翰·多恩: the Metaphysical poet(玄学派诗人) conceits 奇思妙喻: an extended metaphor that combines two vastly different ideas。 The Flea虱子 IV. The 18th Century: Pre-Romantic period. 十八世纪 1. Alexander Pope亚历山大•蒲柏（1688~1744） 18世纪英国最伟大的诗人，其诗多用“英雄双韵体”/ “ heroic couplets”。词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。（这个诗人是很有意思的，如果你也喜欢丹·布朗，应该还记得《达芬奇密码》里面关于Pope教皇-蒲柏这个双关吧~） ① An Essay on Criticism批评论  ② The Rape of the Lock卷发遇劫记 ③ An Essay on Man人论 7. William Blake威廉•布莱克（1757~1827） 他是浪漫主义诗歌的先驱，所以我这个学期虽然是浪漫主义诗歌，第一周却还是主要讲布莱克。我个人很喜欢他的诗，朗朗上口，画面感十足。并且他的诗集是如下配图的，精致美丽，我在图书馆借到之后不愿还书了都。果然诗歌即是音韵美，也是图画美哈~①Songs of Innocence天真之歌: A happy and innocent world from children’s eye. It expresses delight in life, even in the face of sorrow and suffering. It praises the beauty of nature and the innocence of child, with a language which a child loves. Nature is in pious harmony as symbolized in “The Lamb”. The Chimney Sweeper扫烟囱的孩子 The Lamb羊羔 London伦敦 ②Songs of Experience经验之歌: A world of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone from men’s eyes. The atmosphere is sad and gloomy. The poet draws pictures of poverty and distress, showing sufferings of the miserable. There is also a voice of anger, a wish for freedom and a passion for liberty in the sorrow tone. The Chimney Sweeper扫烟囱的孩子 The Tyger老虎 London伦敦 《天真与经验之歌》共有54首诗。两个诗集中的绝大多数诗都是作为对比一一对应，这种对比折射的是诗人认知世界的过程： the former presents a world of light, peace and harmony, while the later reflects darker side of its main themes. 这也正是浪漫主义的核心所在。 8. Robert Burns罗伯特•彭斯（1759~1796） 最早主要用苏格兰方言写诗的诗人 ①A Red, Red Rose 一朵红红的玫瑰 ②Auld Long Syne 往昔时光 （也译作 友谊地久天长 我是不会说这是我们班充满年代感的班歌的=v=）V． The Romantic Period (1789/98-1832) 浪漫主义 开端有两种说法，一种以1789年法国大革命爆发为开端；一种以1798华兹华斯和柯尔律治《抒情歌谣集》的出版为开端，以1832年斯科特去世为结束的标志。 浪漫主义是对之前新古典主义的反叛和革新，强调了人作为独立自由个体的重要性；想象，灵感，自由情感的表达要远远重于古典格律；从关注社会、文明等外部世界变为关注人的内心世界；诗歌应该注重想象，自然，通俗流畅，不囿于形式，从某种角度来说很像是中国古代的古文运动。 “The Lake Poets” 湖畔派诗人：居住在湖区的 William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Robert Southey. 1. William Wordsworth华兹华斯1770~1850 A leading English Romantic poet, and England’s Poet Laureate（桂冠诗人） from 1843 to 1850. 与柯尔律治、骚塞同被称为“湖畔派诗人“。 ①Preface to Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集序 "poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” ② We Are Seven 我们是七个  Lucy系列的组诗都很值得琢磨，虽然华兹华斯总是把天真可爱的小女孩写死= =至少这首她还活着 ③ Lines Written in Early Spring ④ I Wondered Lonely As A Cloud咏水仙 ⑤ Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey, On Revisiting the Banks of the Wye during a Tour. July 13, 1798丁登寺 Blank Verse素体诗：written with regular metrical but unrhymed lines, almost always in iambic pentameter. 五步抑扬格下不押韵的诗体 ⑥ The Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女 ⑦ I Travelled among Unknown Men ⑧ Ode: Intimations of Immortality from Recollections of Early Childhood ⑨ Three Years She Grew 2. Samuel Taylor Coleridge科尔律治1772~1834 华兹华斯的好友，共同代表浪漫主义。华兹华斯风格有一点继承了田园牧歌，歌颂孩童和自然，而柯尔律治则擅长写一些充满奇幻色彩的叙事长诗，甚至是带有浓重哥特式气息的诗歌。 ① The Rime of the Ancient Mariner 古舟子咏 Lyrical Ballads It relates the supernatural events experienced by a mariner on a long sea voyage. Stops a wedding man. Tells the guests stories. The guests turn from bemusement to impatience. ② Christabel柯里斯塔贝尔 ③ Kubla Khan 忽必烈汗 Artistic features: mysticism, demonism with strong imagination, a strange territory3. George Gordon Byron拜伦（1788~1824） 拜伦式英雄“Byronic hero” is a mysterious and romantic rebel figure of noble origin, against tyrannical rules or moral principles. He is full of revenge, yet capable of deep affections. Proud, cynical, moody and lonely, he is idealized but flawed, both reflected in Byron’s work and life.（Childe Harold） ①Don Juan 唐•璜 Young man of various background of adventure. ②Childe Harold's Pilgrimage 恰尔德•哈罗德尔游记 A world-weary man, disillusioned with life of pleasure and revelry, looks for distraction of foreign lands. Childe Harold became a vehicle for Byron’s own beliefs and ideas, and introduced for the first time the image of the Byronic Hero. ③ She walks in beauty ④ When we two parted ⑤ Darkness ⑥ So, we'll go no more a roving 4. Persy Bysshe Shelley雪莱1792~1822 ① Mont Blanc ②A defence of poetry 诗辩 （文章）“Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world”, and poetry plays a very important role in spiritual life of society. ③ A Song: “Men of England” ④ Ode to the West Wind 西风颂 This is a poem about renewal, about the wind blowing life back into dead things, implying circle of life.最有名的一句：“If winter comes, can Spring be far behind?” 冬天来了，春天还会远么？ 主题：envy and eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality. His wish to be free like the wind and to scatter his words among mankind. The image of west wind symbolizes rebirth and creative power. 1. Yearning for genius. 2. The hunger for imagination. 3. inherent value of primitive and untrammeled. Images of innocence and serenity. 4. Emphasize the search for individual definition of morality. 4 units use terza rima(三行诗，aba bcb cdc ded efe …), giving a sense of onward movement.5. John Keats约翰•济慈1795~1821 我最喜欢的浪漫主义诗人（最不喜欢的是雪莱=  =），推荐有兴趣的朋友们可以去看小本演得Bright Star，非常美好又忧伤的传记式电影，作为背景了解很不错噢~Four great odes四大颂: ① Ode on a Grecian Urn 希腊古瓮颂   最有名气的一首诗~名句是Beauty is truth, truth beauty 美即是真，真即是美 ② Ode to a Nightingale夜莺颂 Mixed feelings of joy and pain, delight and hurt. His desire of joining the nightingale s that he can escape from the harsh reality and problems and his awareness of the incapability to run away.Themes: immortality and mortality(unable to run away); nature; transcience. ③ Ode to Psyche心灵颂 ④ Ode on Melancholy忧郁颂 其他诗歌： ⑤ To Autumn 秋颂 歌颂季节之美与变化之美。Each of the poem's three stanzas represents the evolving of two different types of change. One type of change shown in the poem is the change of periods in a day. ⑥ On First Looking into Chapman's Homer初读查普曼译荷马有感 Written in Petrachan sonnet. 彼得拉克式十四行诗。 我很喜欢这首诗歌的表述，很长时间以来我们都在争论原版和译本的问题。可倘若只读原版，一个人要精通多少语言才能看到这个世界呢？济慈给了很好的回应——思想的交流无国界。⑦“Bright star, would I were stedfast as thou art”  电影的名字来源于这首诗~⑧ On Seeing the Elgin Marbles ⑨ Selections from Keats’s Letters (1817)   他的信笺也很值得阅读，早早离开这个世界，却留下了丰富的文学评论和诗歌赏析的相关研究。也不乏小情小爱~VI. The Victorian Period 1832-1900 维多利亚时期 1. Alfred Tennyson丁尼生(1809~189) 维多利亚时代最具代表性的伟大诗人 Appointed Poet Laureate（桂冠诗人） after William Wordsworth, one of the most popular poets in his lifetime, and affirmed as the greatest poet in Victorian Age. ①Ulysses 尤利西斯 Dramatic Monologue，是老年尤利西斯英雄迟暮的内心独白。dissatisfied with his life as king of Ithaca, a man of restlessness of action. Tennyson questions what makes an hero after the quest. ②  Break, Break, Break 为纪念死去的朋友所作，充满了天真无虑和悲伤婉转的对比和融合。2. Robert Browning罗伯·布朗宁（1812~1889） 布朗宁夫妇的花式虐狗。① My Last Duchess我已故的公爵夫人 Dramatic Monologue的代表作品，以英雄双行体写就。② < Home Thoughts From Abroad>海外乡思3. Elizabeth Barrett Browing勃朗宁夫人 England’s most famous woman poet during her life. 葡萄牙人十四行诗。基本都是以两人的爱情为灵感写就的情诗,VII.Modernism 现代主义 1900~1950 1.William Butler Yeats 叶芝1865~1939 爱尔兰诗人，剧作家； The Irish nationalist movement 爱尔兰独立运动； The Irish Literary Revival 爱尔兰文艺复兴 好吧我知道他最有名的是 当你老了 这类的情诗，然而教材里只选了能代表他现代主义思潮的篇章。 ① The Lake Isle of Innisfree  （知道innisfree这个牌子怎么来的了吧=  =）② The Wild Swans at Coole ③ The Second Coming ④ Among School Children 2. Thomas Sterns Eliot 艾略特 ①the wasteland 荒原 作为一个星期要求读完＋评论的诗歌，最痛苦的就是读艾略特。文化素养还没达到这个高度，现代主义的虚无感让人很不舒服。 ② The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock  四个四重奏 ③ Sweeney among the Nightingales ④四个四重奏

惊艳洒脱的小众诗如下：

1、生活从来都不会辜负谁，觉得丧的时候就要让自己忙起来，世界没有变小，我们一定要让自己越来越可爱的活下去，不要消耗生命，而是享受生活。

2、像是漂浮在宇宙的行星，最终被银河牵引，只要终点是你，跨越再多光年我也愿意。

3、时间美好有千千万万种，日出日落一种，星河大海一种，还有你的风情万种。

4、真爱就像鬼，听说的人多，遇见的人少，在这个世界上，唯一不会背叛你的，只有自己。

5、我要努力拼未来，赚很多的钱，不是因为我爱钱，而是这辈子我不想因为钱和谁在一起，也不想因为钱而离开谁。

6、小黄人没有肩膀照样穿背带裤，没耳朵照样戴眼镜啊，别老埋怨你的世界缺点什么。

7、该扔的就扔，该放弃就放弃，从今天起，余生做个俗人，以自己最好的姿态生活。

8、箫鼓追随春社近，衣冠简朴古风存。

9、温柔的好天气总是和你一样，让人止不住心动。

10、款款独行，才不致倾溢。

11、相遇总是猝不及防，而离别多是蓄谋已久，总有一些人会慢慢淡出你的生活，你要学会接受而不是怀念。

12、落红铺径水平池，弄晴小雨霏霏。

《滑铁卢前夜》The Eve Of Waterloo 此诗属斯宾塞体(Spenserian stanza)， Edmund Spenser在The Faerie Queene 中创造了这种形式的诗节，故名。其形式是每节九行，前八行为抑扬格五音步，第九行为抑扬格六音步，韵式是：ababbcbcc. The Eve Of WaterlooThere was a sound of revelry by night,And Belgium’s capital had gather’d thenHer Beauty and her Chivalry, and brightThe lamps shone o’er fair women and brave men;A thousand hearts beat happily; and whenMusic arose with its voluptuous swell,Soft eyes look’d love to eyes which spake again,And all went merry as a marriage bell;But hush! hark! a deep sound strikes like a rising knell! Did ye not hear it? —No; ’twas but the wind,Or the car rattling o’er the stony street;On with the dance! let joy be unconfined;No sleep till morn, when Youth and Pleasure meetTo chase the growing hours with flying feet—But, hark! — that heavy sound breaks in once more,As if the clouds its echo would repeat;And nearer, clearer, deadlier than before!Arm! arm! it is — it is —the cannon’s opening roar! Ah! Then and there was hurrying to and fro,And gathering tears, and tremblings of distress,And cheeks all pale, which but an hour agoBlush’d at the praise of their own loveliness:And there were sudden partings, such as pressThe life from out young hearts, and choking sighsWhich ne’er might be repeated; who could guessIf ever more should meet those mutual eyes,Since upon night so sweet such awful morn could rise! And there was mounting in hot haste: the steed,The mustering squadron, and the clattering car,Went pouring forward with impetuous speed,And swiftly forming in the ranks of war;And the deep thunder peal on peal afar;And near, the beat of the alarming drumRoused up the soldier ere the morning star;While throng’d the citizens with terror dumb,Or whispering with white lips —‘the foe! they come! they come!’ 诗文解释：Her Beauty and her Chivalry, and bright：布鲁塞尔的英雄美人。Her 指BrusselsVoluptuous[v /l ptu s ]swell 华丽的音乐旋律。Swell 本指大浪，此指乐声荡漾。Soft eyes look’d love to eyes which spake again look：温柔的眼睛与眼睛互相传情。And all went merry as a marriage bell; 大家欢欣鼓舞，就像结婚打钟。a deep sound strikes like a rising knell：一个沉闷的声音就像正在敲响的丧钟一样传来。Youth and Pleasure meet\To chase the growing hours with flying feet: 青春与欢乐结伴，用飞快的脚步追逐这焕发的时光。growing hours：令人起劲的时光。Arm! arm! it is — it is —the cannon’s opening roar! 拿起武器，拿起武器！这是大炮在咆哮。gathering tears：不断聚集的泪，越来越多的泪水。cheeks all pale, which but an hour ago\ Blush’d at the praise of their own loveliness: 一小时以前因受到夸奖而羞红的脸蛋儿，现在都发白了。there were sudden partings, such as press\The life from out young hearts, 使年轻的心灵痛不欲生的突然诀别。choking sighs\ Which ne’er might be repeated;很可能永远不会再有的抽搐叹息。因为可能是诀别，所很可能不会再有。mustering squadron：集合的中队swiftly forming in the ranks of war;快速排成作战队形。Rank：队列。And the deep thunder peal on peal afar;\ And near, the beat of the alarming drum\Roused up the soldier ere [e ]the morning star;远处是一阵一阵的沉闷的雷鸣，近处是报警的鼓声，不等启名星出现，就把士兵唤醒。