2012高考英语上海

作文好像是看图写话啊，就是两个小女孩画画的图，说是你参加的两节课，让你写一篇日记记录下来，同时要写出自己的看法。。翻译题不记得了。。。。。

Researchers in the psychology department at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) have discovered a major difference in the way men and women respond to stress. This difference may explain why men are more likely to suffer from stress-related disorders. 加州大学洛杉矶分校（UCLA）心理学系的研究人员发现，男性和女性对压力的反应方式存在重大差异，这种差异可能解释了为什么男性更容易患压力相关疾病。 Until now, psychological research has maintained that both men and women have the same "fight-or-flight" reaction to stress. In other words, individuals either react with aggressive behavior, such as verbal or physical conflict ("fight"), or they react by withdrawing from the stressful situation ("flight"). However, the UCLA research team found that men and women have quite different biological and behavioral responses to stress. While men often react to stress in the fight-or-flight response, women often have another kind of reaction which could be called "tend and befriend." That is, they often react to stressful conditions by protecting and nurturing their young ("tend"), and by looking for social contact and support from others - especially other females ('befriend"). 到目前为止，心理学研究一直认为，男性和女性对压力都有相同的“战斗或逃跑”反应。换句话说，个体要么以攻击性行为应对，比如言语或身体冲突（“打架”），要么从压力情境中退出（“逃跑”）。然而，UCLA 的研究团队发现，男性和女性对压力的生理和行为反应截然不同。虽然男性通常会在战斗或逃跑反应中对压力做出反应，但女性通常会有另一种反应，可以称之为“照顾友好”也就是说，她们经常通过保护和养育自己的孩子（“照顾”）以及寻求他人——尤其是其他女性（“友好”）的社会联系和支持来应对压力。 Scientists have long known that in the fight-or- flight reaction to stress, an important role is played by certain hormones released by the body. The UCLA research team suggests that the female tend-or-befriend response is also based on a hormone. This hormone, called oxytocin,has been studied in the context of childbirth, but now it is being studied for its role in the response of both men and women to stress. The principal investigator, Dr. Shelley E. Taylor,explained that "animals and people with high levels of oxytocin are calmer, more relaxed, more social, and less anxious." While men also secrete oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones. 科学家们早就知道，在对抗或逃避压力的反应中，身体释放的某些激素起着重要作用。UCLA 的研究团队认为，女性的照顾友好反应也基于激素。这种激素称为催产素，研究过对于分娩的作用，但现在正在研究它在男性和女性对压力的反应中的作用。首席研究员雪莱·E·泰勒博士解释说，“催产素水平高的动物和人更冷静、更放松、更社交，也不那么焦虑。”虽然男性也分泌催产素，但男性激素会降低催产素的作用。 In terms of everyday behavior, the UCLA study found that women are far more likely than men to seek social contact when they are feeling stressed. They may phone relatives or friends, or ask directions if they are lost. 在日常行为方面，UCLA 研究发现，女性在感受到压力时往往比男性更可能寻求社会帮助。他们可能会给亲戚朋友打电话，或者在迷茫时寻找指引。 The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a stressful day at work. The typical father wanted to be left alone to enjoy some peace and quiet. For a typical mother, coping with a bad day at work meant focusing her attention on her children and their needs. 这项研究还表明，在一天紧张的工作之后，当父母回到家中时，他们的反应是不同的。父亲通常希望独处，享受一些安宁，而母亲通常将注意力集中在孩子和他们的需求上，来应对工作中糟糕的一天。 The differences in responding to stress may explain the fact that women have lower frequency of stress-related disorders such as high blood pressure or aggressive behavior. The tend-and-befriend regulatory system may protect women against stress, and this may explain why women on average live longer than men. 压力反应的差异可能解释了一个事实，即女性患压力相关疾病的频率较低，如高血压或攻击性行为。照顾友好调节系统可以保护女性免受压力，这可以解释为什么女性平均寿命比男性长。

上海 英语试卷第II卷I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 实验结果比预想的要满意得多。 （turn）2. 许多人通过这个项目接受培训后决定自己创业。 （decide）3. 最令他们疑惑的是如何才能清除那个地区的空气污染。 （puzzle）4. 游客在世界上找不到比在印度做衣服更便宜的地方了。 （Nowhere）5. 许多人意识到要寻求一种能够进一步开发他们潜能的完全不同的学习方式，这是一种非常积极的现象。 （conscious）II. Guided WritingDirections: Write an English composition in over 120 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.你所在的社区正在征集以下三个志愿者服务项目的具体活动方案：1）参与社区环保；2）陪伴空巢老人（the elderly in empty nest）；3）组织读书活动。请你为其中的一个项目出谋划策。（文中请不要出现真实的社区名称、校名和人名。）你的文章需包括以下内容：l 介绍为该项目设计的2个具体活动；l 简单陈述活动的意义。英语试卷参考答案第I卷 1—5 A DCBD 6—10 BDBAB 11—13 CDA 14—16 DCB17. tiring 18. 15 19. outdoor 20. tips21. stomachache 22. biscuits and sweets 23. half an hour 24. take some/the tablets/medicine25-29 BDCBB 30-34 ACDCA 35-39 BAADD 40 D 41—45 FCGID 46—49 BEJH50—54 BDCAC 55—59 ADACB 60—64 DCBAA65—67 AAC 68—71 DABC 72—75 BDBA 76—80 CAEBD 81.Turning a car from a luxury to an affordable product82. (American’s) large, regular paychecks and living far away/ living in the suburbs83. Because of the rising fuel price and the environmental concerns84. By offering different /modern facilities for entertainment简答题评分标准1、内容正确，语法基本正确，得2分。2、 内容基本正确，语法正确或虽有错误，但不影响理解，得1分。3、 即使语法正确，但是内容错误，得0分。4、 答案超过规定字数过多，得0分。第II卷I. Translation1. The result of the experiment has turned out to be much more satisfactory than expected.2. Through the project, many people have received training and decided to launch their own enterprises /businesses.3. What puzzles them most is how to get rid of the air pollution in the area.4. Nowhere else in the world can a tourist find cheaper tailoring than in India.5. Many people are conscious of pursuing a totally different studying method to further develop their potential , which is a very positive phenomenon.中译英评分标准1、第一题，3分。第2-4题，每题4分。第5题，5分。2、在每题中，单词拼写、标点符号、大小写错误累计每两处扣1分。3、语法错误每处扣1分。每句同类语法错误不重复扣分。4、译文没有用所给单词，扣1分。Writing (For reference):作文评分标准1．本题总分为25分，其中内容10分，语言10分，组织结构5分。2．评分时应注意内容要点，应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性及上下文的连贯性。3．评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定所属档次，然后对照相应的组织结构档次给予加分。其中，内容和语言两部分相加，得15分以上者，组织结构部分可考虑加4～5分，15分以下者只能考虑加0，1，2，3分。内容和语言部分的得分相差一般不超过2分。（具体见下表）4．各档次给分要求：档次 内容 语言 组织结构 A 9～10 9～10 4～5 B 7～8 7～8 3～4 C 5～6 5～6[ 2 D 3～4 3～4 1 E 0～2 0～2 05．词数明显不够，总分最多不超过10分。6．文章只有一到两句，总分不得超过2分。7．文章如果没有紧扣主题，内容部分得分不得超过4分。8．均分控制在13分左右