黑死病 Black Death[医学]bubonic plague14世纪时在整个欧洲暴发流行的鼠疫。此种传染病起源于亚洲，1347年突厥军队围困克里米亚的一个热那亚贸易商埠时，曾将带病的尸体弹射入该镇。1347～1351年该病在地中海各港口及整个欧洲蔓延开来。在1361～1363、1369～1371、1374～1375、1390以及1400年又有几度流行。各市镇所受的伤害较农村更严重，有时整个社区全毁，欧洲的经济也受到重创。欧洲约有1/3的人口(共2,500万)死于黑死病。Black DeathFierce and widespread outbreak of plague, probably bubonic and pneumonic, that ravaged Europe during the 14th century.The epidemic originated in Asia and was transmitted to Europeans in 1347 when a Turkic army besieging a Genoese trading post in the Crimea catapulted plague-infested corpses into the town. It spread from the Mediterranean ports and ravaged all of Europe between 1347 and 1351. Renewed outbreaks occurred in 1361–63, 1369–71, 1374–75, 1390, and 1400. Towns and cities were more heavily hit than the countryside, and whole communities were sometimes destroyed. Much of Europe's economy was devastated. About one-third of the European population, or a total of 25 million people, died in the Black Death.
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