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获得独家新闻“快点儿，”编辑说，“快准备好那则新闻，我们要在这次出版中抢在其他报纸出版社的前头，这可是个独家新闻！”周扬刚访问完一个有名的影视明星回到办公室来。“他都准备好那样做了吗？”一个国际新闻部的人问道。“是的，我恐怕他已经准备好了，”周扬答道。他开始起劲地工作起来。他的第一项任务就是撰写他的新闻故事，但是他却马马虎虎地对待。虽然周扬意识到这个人在说谎，但是他知道他不能够直接指控他。他本应该更加注意（报道的）正确性的。当然也要简明扼要！他知道该怎么做。几个月的训练教会了他如何言简意赅。他在他的电脑前坐下并开始工作。第一个看到他写的报道的是和他在同一个部门的一位资深编辑。他审阅了相关证据和这篇报道，然后将它交给报社的文字编辑。她（文字编辑）开始编辑文章里面的片段并为它拟定了大标题和副标题。“它在报纸上将会非常的抢眼，”她说道。“再给我一张这个男人的精彩照片，”接着在这篇报道被写成英文版之前，周扬也将它的复制件给了一个身为本地人的同事来加以润色。这位同事也非常欣赏周扬写的这篇报道。“你已经可以写出很棒的头版头条了”她说。周扬开心地笑了。最后，首席编辑浏览过之后对它进行了赞赏。“写得太好了！”他对周扬说，“但是请让我再看一下你搜集的证据，以便让我们确定它是否在用事实说话。”“我现在就拿给你”周扬兴奋地说。新闻采访报道部的编辑拿走了这篇报道然后开始对所有的报道和图片进行排版，直到报纸的每一版都排好。所有的信息都准备好进行胶片负相处理。这是印刷报纸的第一个阶段。当新闻报道需要使用几个颜色时，它们就总共需要四次负相处理。每一种主要颜色都有一个负相处理印刷版，然后当他们结合在一起的时候就会印出报纸里的彩色板块。在经过最后一次检查后，报纸就可以印刷了。周扬兴奋地等待着第一批报纸的出炉。“等着看今晚的611吧，”他的朋友小声跟他说，“我预料会有一些什么东西在今晚电视新闻里报导，这可是是一个很劲爆的独家新闻！”

lesson 32 Antarctic ExpeditionThe Race to the Pole On 1 June,1910,Captain Scott left London to begin his Antarctic expedition. On his way,he received a telegram from the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen:"I'm going South."So the race to the South Pole was on! During the polar summer of 1910-1911,both teams organised food depots in preparation for their expeditions the following year.Then came the total darkness of the polar winter. Scott and Amundsen waited impatiently for the first signs of spring. Amundsen was the first to leave,on 15 October,1911.He had team of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis.Because of this,he made rapid progress. Scott left on 1 November and soon had problems.First,his two motor sledges broke down, and then the ponies began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold. After a while,Scott and his men had to push the sledges themselves. Amundsen reached the Pole on 14 December and put a Norwegian flag there. Then he prepared for the return journey. Scott finally arrived at the Pole with four companions on 17 January. They were devastated when they saw the Norwegian flag. Scott wrote bitterly in his diary: "Well,we have now lost the goal of our ambition and must face 800 miles of hard pushing and goodbye to most of our dreams." The return journey was one of the worst in the history of exploration.The men were son exhausted and were running out of food. The weather conditions were terrible. Scott started to realise their desperate situation: "Amongst ourselves we are very cheerful,but what each man feels in his heart I can only guess.Putting on our shoes in the morning is getting slower and slower." Despite this,on their way back they found time to look for rocks and fossils.They carried 20 kilos of rocks all the way with them. Later,these rocks proved that at one time in the distant past Antarctica was covered by plants.However,disaster soon struck. Edgar Evans had terrible frostbite and died after a bad fall. The next to go was Captain Oates,who was having great difficulty walking. Scott recorded his death:"He said,'I am just going outside and I may be some time.' We knew that poor Oates was walking to his death, but though we tried to stop him, we knew that it was the act of a brave man and an English gentleman. We all hope to meet the end with a similar spirit, and certainly the end is not far." Scott and two companions carried on and got withineleven miles of one of their food depots. But then a terrible storm started and they could not leave their tent. Scott spent some of his last hours writing. He wrote a letter full of sadness to his wife Kathleen:"To my Widow,I could tell you lots and lots about this journey. What stories you would have for the boy..But what a price to pay." Scott's final diary entry told the story of their end:"The depot is only 11 miles away, but I do not think we can hope for any better things now. We are getting weaker and weaker and he end can't be far. It seems a pity,but I do not think I can write more." The news of Scott's death shocked the world. He had failed to win the race to the Pole, but the remarkable courage shown by Captain Scott and his men made tham into heroes.

PUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHY People may wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. You can clarify this question if you study British history. First there was England. Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. Next England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changed to "Great Britain". Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack. To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas (eg, the currency and international relations), but they still have very different institutions. For example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have different educational and legal systems as well as different football teams for competitions like the World Cup! England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. The zone nearest France is called the South of England, the middle zone is called the Midlands and the one nearest to Scotland is known as the North. You find most of the population settled in the south, but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England. Although, nationwide, these cities are not as large as those in China, they have world-famous football teams and some of them even have two! It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. For historical architecture you have to go to older but smaller towns built by the Romans. There you will find out more about British history and culture. The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings. It is the centre of national government and its administration. It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the first century AD, the oldest building begun by the Anglo-Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066. There has been four sets of invaders of England. The first invaders, the Romans, left their towns and roads. The second, the Anglo-Saxons, left their language and their government. The third, the Vikings, influenced the vocabulary and place-names of the North of England, and the fourth, the Normans, left castles and introduced new words for food. If you look around the British countryside you will find evidence of all these invaders. You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.SIGHTSEEING IN LONDON Worried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London. Her first delight was going to the Tower. It was built long ago by the Norman invaders of AD 1066. Fancy! This solid stone, square tower had remained standing for one thousand years.Although the buildings had expanded around it, it remained part of a royal palace and prison combined. To her great surprise, Zhang Pingyu found the Queen's jewels guarded by special royal soldiers who, on special occasions, still wore the four-hundred-year-old uniform of the time of Queen Elizabeth I. There followed St Paul's Cathedral built after the terrible fire of London in 1666. It looked splendid when first built! Westminster Abbey, too, was very interesting. It contained statues in memory of dead poets and writers, such as Shakespeare. Then just as she came out of the abbey, Pingyu heard the famous sound of the clock, Big Ben, ringing out the hour. She finished the day by looking at the outside of Buckingham Palace, the Queen's house in London. Oh, she had so much to tell her friends! The second day the girl visited Greenwich and saw its old ships and famous clock that sets the world time. What interested her most was the longitude line. It is an imaginary line dividing the eastern and western halves of the world and is very useful for navigation. It passes through Greenwich, so Pingyu had a photo taken standing on either side of the line. The last day she visited Karl Marx's statue in Highgate Cemetery. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London. Not only that, but he had worked in the famous reading room of the Library of the British Museum. Sadly the library had moved from its original place into another building and the old reading room was gone. But she was thrilled by so many wonderful treasures from different cultures displayed in the museum. When she saw many visitors enjoying looking at the beautiful old Chinese pots and other objects on show, she felt very proud of her country. The next day Pingyu was leaving London for Windsor Castle. "Perhaps I will see the Queen?" she wondered as she fell asleep.