自由经济英文

关于经济的英语专业术语：market equilibrium 市场均衡market failure 市场失败 market mechanism 市场机制market structure 市场结构 market separation 市场分割market regulation 市场调节 market share 市场份额markup pricing 加减定价法Marshallian demand function 马歇尔需求函数 maximization 极大化 microeconomics 微观经济学minimum wage 最低工资 misallocation of resources 资源误置 mixed economy 混合经济 model 模型 money 货币monopolistic competition 垄断竞争 monopolistic exploitation 垄断剥削monopoly 垄断，卖方垄断 monopoly equilibrium 垄断均衡monopoly pricing 垄断定价 monopoly regulation 垄断调控monopoly rents 垄断租金 monopsony 买方垄断 NNash equilibrium 纳什均衡 Natural monopoly 自然垄断Natural resources 自然资源 Necessary condition 必要条件necessities 必需品 net demand 净需求nonconvex preference 非凸性偏好 nonconvexity 非凸性nonexclusion 非排斥性 nonlinear pricing 非线性定价nonrivalry 非对抗性 nonprice competition 非价格竞争nonsatiation 非饱和性 non--zero—sum game 非零和对策 normal goods 正常品 normal profit 正常利润normative economics 规范经济学objective function 目标函数 oligopoly 寡头垄断oligopoly market 寡头市场 oligopoly model 寡头模型opportunity cost 机会成本 optimal choice 最佳选择optimal consumption bundle 消费束 perfect elasticity 完全有弹性optimal resource allocation 最佳资源配置 optimal scale 最佳规模optimal solution 最优解 optimization 优化ordering of optimization(social) preference (社会)偏好排序 ordinal utility 序数效用 ordinary goods 一般品output 产量、产出 output elasticity 产出弹性output maximization 产出极大化 Pparameter 参数 Pareto criterion 帕累托标准Pareto efficiency 帕累托效率 Pareto improvement 帕累托改进Pareto optimality 帕累托优化 Pareto set 帕累托集partial derivative 偏导数 partial equilibrium 局部均衡patent 专利 pay off matrix 收益矩阵、支付矩阵perceived demand curve 感觉到的需求曲线 perfect competition 完全竞争perfect complement 完全互补品 perfect monopoly 完全垄断perfect price discrimination 完全价格歧视 perfect substitution 完全替代品perfect inelasticity 完全无弹性 perfectly elastic 完全有弹性perfectly inelastic 完全无弹性 plant size 工厂规模point elasticity 点弹性 positive economics 实证经济学post Hoc Fallacy 后此谬误 prediction 预测preference 偏好 preference relation 偏好关系present value 现值 price 价格 price adjustment model 价格调整模型 price ceiling 最高限价 price consumption curve 价格费曲线 price control 价格管制 price difference 价格差别price discrimination 价格歧视 price elasticity of demand 需求价格弹性total cost 总成本 total effect 总效应total expenditure 总支出 total fixed cost 总固定成本total product 总产量 total revenue 总收益total utility 总效用 total variable cost 总可变成本traditional economy 传统经济 transitivity 传递性transaction cost 交易费用 Uuncertainty 不确定性 uniqueness 唯一性unit elasticity 单位弹性 unstable equilibrium 不稳定均衡 utility 效用 utility function 效用函数utility index 效用指数 utility maximization 效用极大化utility possibility curve 效用可能性曲线 utility possibility frontier 效用可能性前沿 VValue 价值 value judge 价值判断value of marginal product 边际产量价值 variable cost 可变成本variable input 可变投入 variables 变量vector 向量 visible hand 看得见的手 vulgur economics 庸俗经济学 Wwage 工资 wage rate 工资率Walras general equilibrium 瓦尔拉斯总体均衡 Walras's law 瓦尔拉斯法则Wants 需要 Welfare criterion 福利标准Welfare economics 福利经学 Welfare loss triangle 福利损失三角形 welfare maximization 福利极大化 Zzero cost 零成本 zero elasticity 零弹性zero homogeneity 零阶齐次性 zero economic profit 零利润

经济学英语词汇General terms 一般术语 economist 经济学家 socialist economy 社会主义经济 capitalist economy 资本主义经济 collective economy 集体经济 planned economy 计划经济 controlled economy 管制经济 rural economics 农村经济 liberal economy 自由经济 mixed economy 混合经济 political economy 政治经济学 protectionism 保护主义 autarchy 闭关自守 primary sector 初级成分 private sector 私营成分，私营部门 public sector 公共部门，公共成分 economic channels 经济渠道 economic balance 经济平衡 economic fluctuation 经济波动 economic depression 经济衰退 economic stability 经济稳定 economic policy 经济政策 economic recovery 经济复原 understanding 约定 concentration 集中 holding company 控股公司 trust 托拉斯 cartel 卡特尔 rate of growth 增长 economic trend 经济趋势 economic situation 经济形势 infrastructure 基本建设 standard of living 生活标准，生活水平 purchasing power, buying power 购买力 scarcity 短缺 stagnation 停滞，萧条，不景气 underdevelopment 不发达 underdeveloped 不发达的 developing 发展中的Capital 资本 initial capital 创办资本 frozen capital 冻结资金 frozen assets 冻结资产 fixed assets 固定资产 real estate 不动产，房地产 circulating capital, working capital 流动资本 available capital 可用资产 capital goods 资本货物 reserve 准备金，储备金 calling up of capital 催缴资本 allocation of funds 资金分配 contribution of funds 资金捐献 working capital fund 周转基金 revolving fund 循环基金，周转性基金 contingency fund 意外开支，准备金 reserve fund 准备金 buffer fund 缓冲基金，平准基金 sinking fund 偿债基金 investment 投资，资产 investor 投资人 self-financing 自筹经费，经费自给 bank 银行 current account 经常帐户 （美作：checking account） current-account holder 支票帐户 （美作：checking-account holder） cheque 支票 （美作：check） bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer 无记名支票，来人支票 crossed cheque 划线支票 traveller's cheque 旅行支票 chequebook 支票簿，支票本 （美作：checkbook） endorsement 背书 transfer 转让，转帐，过户 money 货币 issue 发行 ready money 现钱 cash 现金 ready money business, no credit given 现金交易，概不赊欠 change 零钱 banknote, note 钞票，纸币 （美作：bill） to pay （in） cash 付现金 domestic currency, local currency] 本国货币 convertibility 可兑换性 convertible currencies 可自由兑换货币 exchange rate 汇率，兑换率 foreign exchange 外汇 floating exchange rate 浮动汇率 free exchange rates 自由汇兑市场 foreign exchange certificate 外汇兑换券 hard currency 硬通货 speculation 投机 saving 储装，存款 depreciation 减价，贬值 devaluation （货币）贬值 revaluation 重估价 runaway inflation 无法控制的通货膨胀 deflation 通货紧缩 capital flight 资本外逃 securities business 证券市场 stock exchange 股票市场 stock exchange corporation 证券交易所 stock exchange 证券交易所，股票交易所 quotation 报价，牌价 share 股份，股票 shareholder, stockholder 股票持有人，股东 dividend 股息，红利 cash dividend 现金配股 stock investment 股票投资 investment trust 投资信托 stock-jobber 股票经纪人 stock company, stock brokerage firm 证券公司 securities 有价证券 share, common stock 普通股 preference stock 优先股 income gain 股利收入 issue 发行股票 par value 股面价格， 票面价格 bull 买手， 多头 bear 卖手， 空头 assigned 过户 opening price 开盘 closing price 收盘 hard times 低潮 business recession 景气衰退 doldrums 景气停滞 dull 盘整 ease 松弛 raising limit 涨停板 break 暴跌 bond, debenture 债券 Wall Street 华尔街Credit 信贷 short term loan 短期贷款 long term loan 长期贷款 medium term loan 中期贷款 lender 债权人 creditor 债权人 debtor 债务人，借方 borrower 借方，借款人 borrowing 借款 interest 利息 rate of interest 利率 discount 贴现，折扣 rediscount 再贴现 annuity 年金 maturity 到期日，偿还日 amortization 摊销，摊还，分期偿付 redemption 偿还 insurance 保险 mortgage 抵押 allotment 拨款 short term credit 短期信贷 consolidated debt 合并债务 funded debt 固定债务，长期债务 floating debt 流动债务 drawing 提款，提存 aid 援助 allowance, grant, subsidy 补贴，补助金，津贴Pruduction 生产 output 产出，产量 producer 生产者，制造者 productive, producing 生产的 products, goods 产品 consumer goods 消费品 article 物品，商品 manufactured goods, finished goods 制成品，产成品 raw product 初级产品 semifinished goods 半成品 by-product 副产品 foodstuffs 食品 raw material 原料 supply 供应，补给 input 投入 productivity 生产率 productiveness 赢利性 overproduction 生产过剩Expenses 耗费 cost 成本，费用 expenditure, outgoings 开支，支出 fixed costs 固定成本 overhead costs 营业间接成本 overheads 杂项开支，间接成本 operating costs 生产费用，营业成本 operating expenses 营业费用 running expenses 日常费用，经营费用 miscellaneous costs 杂项费用 overhead expenses 间接费用，管理费用 upkeep costs, maintenance costs 维修费用，养护费用 transport costs 运输费用 social charges 社会负担费用 contingent expenses, contingencies 或有费用 apportionment of expenses 分摊费用Profit 利润 income 收入，收益 earnings 利润，收益 gross income, gross earnings 总收入，总收益 gross profit, gross benefit 毛利，总利润，利益毛额 net income 纯收益，净收入，收益净额 average income 平均收入 national income 国民收入 profitability, profit earning capacity 利润率，赢利率 yield 产量收益，收益率 increase in value, appreciation 增值，升值taxes 税 duty 税 taxation system 税制 taxation 征税，纳税 fiscal charges 财务税收 progressive taxation 累进税制 graduated tax 累进税 value added tax 增值税 income tax 所得税 land tax 地租，地价税 excise tax 特许权税 basis of assessment 估税标准 taxable income 须纳税的收入 fiscality 检查 tax-free 免税的 tax exemption 免税 taxpayer 纳税人 tax collector 收税员

经济学英语词汇1、General terms 一般术语economist 经济学家socialist economy 社会主义经济capitalist economy 资本主义经济collective economy 集体经济planned economy 计划经济controlled economy 管制经济rural economics 农村经济liberal economy 自由经济mixed economy 混合经济political economy 政治经济学protectionism 保护主义autarchy 闭关自守primary sector 初级成分private sector 私营成分,私营部门public sector 公共部门,公共成分economic channels 经济渠道economic balance 经济平衡economic fluctuation 经济波动economic depression 经济衰退economic stability 经济稳定economic policy 经济政策economic recovery 经济复原understanding 约定concentration 集中holding company 控股公司trust 托拉斯cartel 卡特尔rate of growth 增长economic trend 经济趋势economic situation 经济形势infrastructure 基本建设standard of living 生活标准,生活水平purchasing power, buying power 购买力scarcity 短缺stagnation 停滞,萧条,不景气underdevelopment 不发达underdeveloped 不发达的developing 发展中的2、Capital 资本initial capital 创办资本frozen capital 冻结资金frozen assets 冻结资产fixed assets 固定资产real estate 不动产,房地产circulating capital, working capital 流动资本available capital 可用资产capital goods 资本货物reserve 准备金,储备金calling up of capital 催缴资本allocation of funds 资金分配contribution of funds 资金捐献working capital fund 周转基金revolving fund 循环基金,周转性基金contingency fund 意外开支,准备金reserve fund 准备金buffer fund 缓冲基金,平准基金sinking fund 偿债基金investment 投资,资产investor 投资人self-financing 自筹经费,经费自给bank 银行current account 经常帐户 (美作:checking account)current-account holder 支票帐户 (美作:checking-account holder)cheque 支票 (美作:check)bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer 无记名支票,来人支票crossed cheque 划线支票traveller's cheque 旅行支票chequebook 支票簿,支票本 (美作:checkbook)endorsement 背书transfer 转让,转帐,过户money 货币issue 发行ready money 现钱cash 现金ready money business, no credit given 现金交易,概不赊欠change 零钱banknote, note 钞票,纸币 (美作:bill)to pay (in) cash 付现金domestic currency, local currency] 本国货币convertibility 可兑换性convertible currencies 可自由兑换货币exchange rate 汇率,兑换率foreign exchange 外汇floating exchange rate 浮动汇率free exchange rates 自由汇兑市场foreign exchange certificate 外汇兑换券hard currency 硬通货speculation 投机saving 储装,存款depreciation 减价,贬值devaluation (货币)贬值revaluation 重估价runaway inflation 无法控制的通货膨胀deflation 通货紧缩capital flight 资本外逃securities business 证券市场stock exchange 股票市场stock exchange corporation 证券交易所stock exchange 证券交易所,股票交易所quotation 报价,牌价share 股份,股票shareholder, stockholder 股票持有人,股东dividend 股息,红利cash dividend 现金配股stock investment 股票投资investment trust 投资信托stock-jobber 股票经纪人stock company, stock brokerage firm 证券公司securities 有价证券share, common stock 普通股preference stock 优先股income gain 股利收入issue 发行股票par value 股面价格, 票面价格bull 买手, 多头bear 卖手, 空头assigned 过户opening price 开盘closing price 收盘hard times 低潮business recession 景气衰退doldrums 景气停滞dull 盘整ease 松弛raising limit 涨停板break 暴跌bond, debenture 债券Wall Street 华尔街3、Credit 信贷short term loan 短期贷款long term loan 长期贷款medium term loan 中期贷款lender 债权人creditor 债权人debtor 债务人,借方borrower 借方,借款人borrowing 借款interest 利息rate of interest 利率discount 贴现,折扣rediscount 再贴现annuity 年金maturity 到期日,偿还日amortization 摊销,摊还,分期偿付redemption 偿还insurance 保险mortgage 抵押allotment 拨款short term credit 短期信贷consolidated debt 合并债务funded debt 固定债务,长期债务floating debt 流动债务drawing 提款,提存aid 援助allowance, grant, subsidy 补贴,补助金,津贴4、Pruduction 生产output 产出,产量producer 生产者,制造者productive, producing 生产的products, goods 产品consumer goods 消费品article 物品,商品manufactured goods, finished goods 制成品,产成品raw product 初级产品semifinished goods 半成品by-product 副产品foodstuffs 食品raw material 原料supply 供应,补给input 投入productivity 生产率productiveness 赢利性overproduction 生产过剩5、Expenses 耗费cost 成本,费用expenditure, outgoings 开支,支出fixed costs 固定成本overhead costs 营业间接成本overheads 杂项开支,间接成本operating costs 生产费用,营业成本operating expenses 营业费用running expenses 日常费用,经营费用miscellaneous costs 杂项费用overhead expenses 间接费用,管理费用upkeep costs, maintenance costs 维修费用,养护费用transport costs 运输费用social charges 社会负担费用contingent expenses, contingencies 或有费用apportionment of expenses 分摊费用6、Profit 利润income 收入,收益earnings 利润,收益gross income, gross earnings 总收入,总收益gross profit, gross benefit 毛利,总利润,利益毛额net income 纯收益,净收入,收益净额average income 平均收入national income 国民收入profitability, profit earning capacity 利润率,赢利率yield 产量收益,收益率increase in value, appreciation 增值,升值7、taxes 税duty 税taxation system 税制taxation 征税,纳税fiscal charges 财务税收progressive taxation 累进税制graduated tax 累进税value added tax 增值税income tax 所得税land tax 地租,地价税excise tax 特许权税basis of assessment 估税标准taxable income 须纳税的收入fiscality 检查tax-free 免税的tax exemption 免税taxpayer 纳税人tax collector 收税员8、Internal economic and trade orgnization 国际经济与贸易组织China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, C.C.P.I.T. 中国国际贸易促进委员会National Council for US-China Trade 美中贸易全国理事会Japan-China Economic Association 日中经济协会Association for the Promotion of International Trade,Japan 日本国际贸易促进会British Council for the Promotion of International Trade 英国国际贸易促进委员会International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会International Union of Marine Insurance 国际海洋运输保险协会International Alumina Association 国际铝矾土协会Universal Postal Union, UPU 万国邮政联盟Customs Co-operation Council, CCC 关税合作理事会United Nations Trade and Development Board 联合国贸易与发展理事会Organization for Economic cooperation and Development, DECD 经济合作与开发组织European Economic Community, EEC, European Common Market 欧洲经济共同体European Free Trade Association, EFTA 欧洲自由贸易联盟European Free Trade Area, EFTA 欧洲自由贸易区Council for Mutual Economic Aid, CMEA 经济互助委员会Eurogroup 欧洲集团Group of Ten 十国集团Committee of Twenty(Paris Club) 二十国委员会Coordinating Committee, COCOM 巴黎统筹委员会Caribbean Common Market, CCM, Caribbean Free-Trade Association, CARIFTA 加勒比共同市场（加勒比自由贸易同盟）Andeans Common Market, ACM, Andeans Treaty Organization, ATO 安第斯共同市场Latin American Free Trade Association, LAFTA 拉丁美洲自由贸易联盟Central American Common Market, CACM 中美洲共同市场African and Malagasy Common Organization, OCAM 非洲与马尔加什共同组织East African Common Market, EACM 东非共同市场Central African Customs and Economic Union, CEUCA 中非关税经济同盟West African Economic Community, WAEC 西非经济共同体Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, OPEC 石油输出国组织Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries, OAPEC 阿拉伯石油输出国组织Commonwealth Preference Area 英联邦特惠区Centre National du Commerce Exterieur, National Center of External Trade 法国对外贸易中心People's Bank of China 中国人民银行Bank of China 中国银行International Bank for Reconstruction and development, IBRD 国际复兴开发银行World Bank 世界银行International Development association, IDA 国际开发协会International Monetary Found Agreement 国际货币基金协定International Monetary Found, IMF 国际货币基金组织European Economic and Monetary Union 欧洲经济与货币同盟European Monetary Cooperation Fund 欧洲货币合作基金Bank for International Settlements, BIS 国际结算银行African Development Bank, AFDB 非洲开发银行Export-Import Bank of Washington 美国进出口银行National city Bank of New York 花旗银行American Oriental Banking Corporation 美丰银行American Express Co. Inc. 美国万国宝通银行The Chase Bank 大通银行Inter-American Development Bank, IDB 泛美开发银行European Investment Bank, EIB 欧洲投资银行Midland Bank,Ltd. 米兰银行United Bank of Switzerland 瑞士联合银行Dresden Bank A.G. 德累斯敦银行Bank of Tokyo,Ltd. 东京银行Hongkong and Shanghai Corporation 香港汇丰银行International Finance Corporation, IFC 国际金融公司La Communaute Financieve Africane 非洲金融共同体Economic and Social Council, ECOSOC 联合国经济及社会理事会United Nations Development Program, NUDP 联合国开发计划署United Nations Capital Development Fund, UNCDF 联合国资本开发基金United Nations Industrial Development Organization, UNIDO 联合国工业发展组织United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, UNCTAD 联合国贸易与发展会议Food and Agricultural Organization, FAO 粮食与农业组织, 粮农组织Economic Commission for Europe, ECE 欧洲经济委员会Economic Commission for Latin America, ECLA 拉丁美洲经济委员会Economic Commission for Asia and Far East, ECAFE 亚洲及远东经济委员会Economic Commission for Western Asia, ECWA 西亚经济委员会Economic Commission for Africa, ECA 非洲经济委员会Overseas Chinese Investment Company 华侨投资公司New York Stock Exchange, NYSE 纽约证券交易所London Stock Market 伦敦股票市场Baltic Mercantile and Shipping Exchange 波罗的海商业和航运交易所