英语中有多种结构可用来表示未曾实现的意图、安排和希望，现归纲如下：
一 . 用“ Was / Were going to + 动词原形”表示未曾实现的意图或打算。例如：
1. I was going to see you last night， but the heavy rain prevented me.
昨晚我本来要来看你，但一场大雨使我来不了了。
2. I was going to finish my article yesterday evening， but my friend arrived， so I did not have time.
昨晚我本来打算写完我的文章，但我的朋友来了，所以我没时间写完。
二 . 用“ Was / Were to + 动词不定式完成式”表示未曾实现的安排。例如：
1. He was to have given the first talk， but he came late.
他本来要第一个发言，但他来晚了。
2. The plain was to have taken off at six， but something went wrong.
飞机本来在六点钟起飞，但出了故障。
三 . 用 think， expect， suppose， hope believe 等动词的过去完成时，后接宾语从句表示未实现的意图、打算或希望等。例如：
1. Peter had thought the plain would have taken off by the time he arrived at the airport.
彼得原以为在他到达机场时飞机可能已经起飞了。
2. They had hoped that they would be able to see more of Beijing， but time didn’t permit.
他们本来希望在北京多看些地方，但时间不允许。
四 . 用 intend， want， plan， hope， expect 等动词的.一般过去时，后接不定式的完成式；或用这些动词的过去完成式，后接不定式一般式来表示未实现的意图，打算或希望等。例如：
1. I had intended / wanted / planned / expected to see you off at the airport but got there too late. = I intended / wanted / planned / expected to have seen you off， but I got there too late.
我本来要到机场送你，但到达那里已太迟了。
五 . 用“情态动词 + 不定式完成式”结构表示未实现的意图，打算或希望。
1. “ should / ought to have done ”表示过去应该做而实际上没有做到，其否定形式则表示过去不该做而实际上做了的动作（含有责备意味）。例如：
（ 1 ） You should / ought to have come here ten minutes ago.
你本应该十分钟以前就到这里来。
（ 2 ） You shouldn’t / oughtn’t to have told him about it.
你本不该把这件事告诉他。
2. “ could have done ”表示过去可能发生但事实上未发生的动作。例如：
（ 1 ） He could have turned to her for help.
他本来可以向她求助的。
（ 2 ） Of course， she could have married him.
当然，她本来可以嫁给他的。
3. “ would have done ”表示过去想实现但实际上未实现的愿望或要求。例如：
（ 1 ） The potatoes would have been better with a bit more salt.
这些土豆要是多加点盐就好吃了。
（ 2 ） I would have come to say good-bye to you.
我本想来向你告别的。
4. “ should like to / would like to / would love to have done ”表示过去希望做但未做到的事。例如：
（ 1 ） We’d like to have gone to see the film， but we had no time.
我们本来想去看那部电影，但没时间。
（ 2 ） We would love to have gone to the match， but the tickets were sold out.
5. “ had better + have done ”表示“最好……”。
“ would rather + have done ”表示“但愿 / 宁愿……”。例如：
（ 1 ） We had better have bought the book that day.
要是我们那天买了那本书就好了。（可惜没买）
（ 2 ） I would rather have gone to the cinema.
昨晚我宁愿去看电影。（实际没去）
六 . “ with + 宾语从句”常用来表示未曾实现的或者不可能实现的愿望，常译为“可惜……”，“……就好了”，“但愿……”等。
1. 表示与现在事实相反，实现不了的愿望。宾语从句中用过去时。例如：
I wish I were always young.
我希望我永远年轻。
I wish I knwe how to ride a bicycle.
要是我会骑自行车就好了。
2. 表示与过去事实相反，未曾实现的愿望。宾语从句中用过去完成时。
I wish I had taken his advice.
我要是接受了他的忠告就好了。
I wish you hadn’t accepted the job.
我真希望你没有接受这项工作。
3. 表示与将来事实可能相反，不可能实现的愿望。宾语从句中用过去将来时。
He wishes you would have the change to see it with your own eyes.
他希望你能够有机会亲眼看一下。
I wish it would be true.
但愿这是真的。
魔都魔都
