pay表示付钱,如I pay 10 yuan for this book.spend花费时间/金钱/精力等,I spent 2 hours on reading the book. She spent 100 yuan on the ticket. He spent his whole life on research.*pay/spend的主语均为人take表示做某事需花费多少时间/金钱,如It takes you 10 minutes to walk from here to there.cost的用法和take非常相似,This book costs 10 yuan.*take/cost的主语为物
spend的主语必须是人， 常用于以下结构：(1) spend time ／money on sth. 在……上花费时间（金钱）。例：I spent two hours on this maths problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。(2) spend time ／ money (in) doing sth. 花费时间（金钱）做某事。例：They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。(3)spend money for sth. 花钱买……。例：His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了。 cost的主语是物或某种活动， 还可以表示“值”， 常见用法如下：(1)sth. costs (sb.) ＋金钱,某物花了（某人）多少钱。例：A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。(2) (doing) sth. costs (sb.) ＋时间,某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间。例：Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。 注意：cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。 take后面常跟双宾语， 常见用法有以下几种：(1) It takes sb. ＋时间＋to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。例：It took them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。(2)doing sth. takes sb. ＋时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。例：Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。 pay的基本用法是：(1) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱（给某人）买……。例：I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英磅的房租。(2)pay for sth. 付……的钱。例：I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款。(3)pay for sb. 替某人付钱。例：Don?蒺t worry!I\'ll pay for you. 别担心， 我会给你付钱的。(4)pay sb. 付钱给某人。 例: They pay us every month.他们每月给我们报酬。（5）pay money back 还钱。例：May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I\'ll pay it back next week. 你能借给我12块钱吗？下周还你。（6）pay off one\'s money还清钱。参考资料：
1)spend的主语必须是“人”，宾语可以是钱，精力，时间等，其后用on(for)+名词或用in(可省略)+动名词形式，不接不定式。如： He spent a lot of money for his new car. 他花了很多钱买了这辆新车。 He spends much money on books. 他平时将很多钱用在买书上。 Mr Li spends a lot of time(in)helping his students with their English. 李老师花很多时间帮助他的学生学英语。� 2)cost可用于表示花时间和金钱，其主语一般是“物”或“事”，表示“费用”、“耗费”。如： The book cost him one dollar.这本书用了他一美元。� Homework costs the children much time. 家庭作业要花孩子们许多时间。� 注意：cost与表示时间的词连用时，不能与具体时间长度连用，只能与表示抽象概念的时间短语(如some time,much time等)连用。
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