karting英语介绍

karting卡丁车

Michael Schumacher will retire from race driving at the end of the 2006 World Championship. Whatever the final result of this year’s championship, Michael leaves Formula 1 holding almost all the records. To date, he has taken seven Drivers’ world titles and has contributed to the same number of team wins in the Constructors’ Championship. He has taken part in 247 Formula 1 Grands Prix (178 of them at the wheel of a Ferrari,) won 90 (71,) been on pole 68 (58) times, setting 75 (52) fastest race laps. He has amassed a total of 1354 points, 1051 of them in a Maranello car. No one in the world of motor racing has done better.

我只知道F1，给你介绍一下吧：F1赛车常识F1就是FormulaOne的缩写，中文叫做一级方程式赛车。以共同的方程式(规则限制)所造出来的车就称为方程式赛车，而其中等级最高者就属F1，很多人误以为四个轮胎外露的单座位赛车都称为F1，那就误会大了。F1在现今赛车领域所代表的地位就有如『奥运』或是『世界杯足球赛』；目前F1共有11支参赛车队，每场比赛最多只有22位车手上场，每年规划有16至19站的比赛，通常约在三月中开跑，十月底结束赛季。每站比赛可吸引超过10亿人次透过电视转播或其它媒体观赏这世界顶级的赛事。《F1驾照》就像一般的道路驾驶一样，F1也需要驾照。那是一张由FIA发给的特别驾照：「FIAsuperlicence」，这张车手执照只发给在F3000、F3或CART系列赛事表现杰出的车手。通常一位车手要花8年的时间从小型赛车(karting)逐步晋级到F1，但事实上仅有极少数人能够有此能力与机会登上这赛车金字塔的顶端。《F1比赛赛程》F1比赛赛程分为三天，其中包含了：星期五只举行练习赛，将分别在11至12时和14至15时进行两次自由练习赛。练习赛期间，除了上赛季前四名的车队之外，其他车队还可以派自己的备用赛车上道测试。而驾驶备用车的车手在前两年参加一级方程式分站赛的数目，不能超过六站。周六上午有两段为时45分钟的练习赛。排位赛在周六下午举行，分两个阶段进行，共耗时大约90分钟(而去年的排位赛分别在周五和周六两天进行，每天一个小时)。第一阶段排位赛的发车顺序由上站比赛的成绩决定，第一名首先发车，后面的以此类推。第二阶段的发车顺序是按照第一阶段的成绩出发，单圈计时。第一阶段排位赛成绩最差的首先发车，未能完成第一阶段的赛车，不得参加第二阶段排位赛，只能在正式比赛中最后一位发车。单圈成绩最快的车手在星期日的正赛中排头位，称为P.P.(PolePosition)，又称为「竿位」。星期日上午9:30-10:00的暖身(WarmUp)；星期日下午2:00的决赛(TheGrandPrix)。在一些路面较狭窄、超车困难的跑道，排位顺序对于比赛的结果将有直接的影响。如果有车手在测时赛的单圈最快成绩，比起同场最快车手所作出单圈成绩的107%还慢，将无法参加决赛，以免速度过慢影响了其它车手比赛的安全。决赛前有一圈的暖胎，然后在起跑前有30秒的倒数，由5个一组的灯号所控制，5个红灯同时熄灭时比赛就开始。赛程以300公里(蒙地卡罗为特例)或2小时为限，看何者先完成，比赛就算结束。最长与最短的赛程分别为日本站的310.352公里与摩纳哥站的262.626公里。《维修站》决赛过程中必须视轮胎的磨耗及油耗的状态进入维修站(PitLane)换胎及加油，称为PitStop。一次的PitStop需要21个人来共同完成，通常花6到12秒来为赛车加油及换胎。以现今F1车队的水准来说，透过团队的合作可在7秒内完成换胎并加满六十公升的汽油。《F1年度锦标》F1的年度锦标分为两种，车手锦标及车队锦标。在很多F1专家的眼中，车队锦标的价值大于车手锦标。计分方式是采积分制，车手与车队的积分都是累积的，比赛前八位完赛车手及所属车队依序可得到10,8,6,5,4,3,2,1的积分。假如比赛在未达全部赛程75%时被迫中止，则积分必须乘上1/2。《F1赛车的惊人表现》除了车手的考量，想在一级方程式赛车中获胜的最现实条件，还是要有优良的赛车。目前FIA规定F1赛车所用的引擎排气量不得超3公升(3000cc)，汽缸数不得超过10缸，每缸汽门最多为5汽门。之前FIA对于汽缸数的限制为12缸，但11支参赛车队清一色使用V10引擎，为了顺应这股潮流，赛会在特别重做了此项新规定。V10引擎的好处在于重量轻及动力输出稳定，当然油耗比V12低也是一个重要关键。一具赛车引擎由大约6000个的零件组成，造价超过13万美金，而且每一场比赛用过之后就必须更换。目前F1赛车引擎马力输出可超过800匹马力，安全转速更高达16000转。所用的燃料同样是以无铅汽油为基础，在全油门的情况下，一部F1的引擎每小时要耗掉60-70公升的汽油。变速箱不得使用全自排系统，文件位数

Early lifeSenna was born in São Paulo. At school he excelled in gymnastics, art and chemistry but found mathematics, physics and English difficult. The son of a wealthy Brazilian landowner, he developed an interest in motor racing at an early age.[edit] Racing career[edit] Early careerSenna entered karting competition at the age of 13.[3] In 1977, he won the South American Kart Championship. He later finished runner up in the World Championship on several occasions - but never won.[4] In 1981 he began competing in Europe, winning the British Formula Ford 1600 championship.[5] He was champion in British and European Formula Ford 2000 the following year.[6] He also adopted his mother's maiden name, Senna, as da Silva is a very common name in Brazil.[7]In 1983, Senna won the British F3 championship after a closely fought and at times controversial battle with Martin Brundle. He also triumphed in the prestigious Macau Grand Prix with Teddy Yip's Theodore Racing Team which was closely related to the West Surrey Racing team he drove for in British F3.[8][9][edit] Formula OneSenna attracted the attention of F1 teams Williams, McLaren, Brabham and Toleman, all of whom he tested for. Fellow Brazilian Nelson Piquet opposed him joining Brabham, and of the remaining three only Toleman offered him a race seat for 1984, so he joined the fledgling team.[edit] 1984: Toleman Senna's Toleman TG184 from 1984 on display in the Donington Grand Prix Collection.Senna scored his first World Championship point in his second Grand Prix at Kyalami in South Africa. He repeated the result two weeks later at the Belgian Grand Prix at Zolder. His performance in the 1984 Monaco Grand Prix brought him a lot of attention. He qualified 13th on the grid and made rapid progress through the soaking streets of Monte Carlo. By lap 19, he passed second-place man Niki Lauda and began to cut the gap to race leader Alain Prost. Before he could pass Prost the race was stopped on lap 31 for safety reasons as the rain grew even heavier.[10]Senna took two more podium finishes that year - third at the British and Portuguese Grands Prix. That left him tied with Nigel Mansell on 13 points, despite having missed the Italian Grand Prix when he was suspended by Toleman after breaking his contract by signing for Lotus for 1985.Also in 1984 Senna took part in the 1000 km Nürburgring where, alongside Henri Pescarolo and Stefan Johansson, he co-drove a Porsche 956 to 8th.[11][12] He also entered an exhibition race to celebrate the opening of the new Nürburgring. Several top F1 drivers took part in the event, driving identical Mercedes 190E 2.3-16. Senna won from Lauda and Carlos Reutemann.[edit] 1985-87: LotusAt Lotus in 1985 Senna was partnered by Italian driver Elio de Angelis. Senna set his first pole position at the season opener in Brazil at the Jacarepaguá Circuit in Rio de Janeiro, but retired with an electrical problem. At the second round, held at the Autódromo do Estoril in Estoril, Portugal on April 21, 1985, he scored his first Grand Prix victory, winning from pole position in heavy rain which saw second-place man Prost spin off into the wall.[13] Senna took the pole position during qualifying for the 1985 Monaco Grand Prix, but was accused of deliberately baulking other drivers during the final qualifying session by running more laps than necessary. Niki Lauda and Michele Alboreto were most upset by events; Alboreto going so far as to force Senna up an escape road during the session. Senna pointed out that even on the 13th of his 16 qualifying laps he nearly equalled his pole position time, and therefore had continued to run at a competitive pace.[14] Senna added a second victory, also in the wet, in the Belgian GP at the Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps. He ended 1985 fourth in the World Championship with 38 points and six podiums (two wins, two seconds and two thirds), and seven pole positions.Senna driving for Lotus at the 1986 British Grand Prix.For 1986, Ayrton was partnered by Scot Johnny Dumfries after Senna vetoed England's Derek Warwick from joining the team, saying that Lotus were not able to run competitive cars for two top drivers at the same time. The new Lotus 98T proved more reliable than its predecessor and the season started on a high for Senna, who finished second to Piquet at their home event in Brazil at Jacarepaguá. He took the World Championship lead for the first time in his career after winning the Spanish GP at Jerez in which he beat Mansell's Williams-Honda by 0.014 s - one of the closest finishes in Formula One history.His championship lead did not last long after he suffered several retirements due to mechanical failures. The chase for the title became a fight between Prost's McLaren-TAG and the Williams-Honda duo of Piquet and Mansell. Senna took his second victory of the year at the United States GP at Detroit, and finished the season in fourth place again, with 55 points, eight pole positions and six podium finishes.1987 promised better things. Lotus now had the same powerful Honda engines as Williams after Renault decided to step out of the sport. After a slow start, Senna won two races in a row: the prestigious Monaco GP (the first of a record breaking six victories at the Principality) and the United States GP at Detroit for the second year in a row, once again taking the World Championship lead. This time, the Lotus-Honda 99T seemed to be more or less on par with the all-conquering Williams-Honda cars once again driven by Piquet and Mansell. But despite the improved performance of the 99T, which used a highly innovative and technical active suspension system, the Williams FW11Bs of Piquet and Mansell were still the cars to beat. The gap between the two teams was never more evident than at the 1987 British Grand Prix at Silverstone where both Mansell and Piquet lapped the identically-engined Lotuses of Senna and team-mate Satoru Nakajima. After a spin due to a faulty clutch in the third to last round in Mexico, Senna was out of the championship hunt, leaving Piquet and Mansell to fight it out for the last two races.这只是一部分，，够用吗！！！太长了超过10000字，都想要的话，我发邮件给你

Michael Schumacher will retire from race driving at the end of the 2006 World Championship. Whatever the final result of this year’s championship, Michael leaves Formula 1 holding almost all the records. To date, he has taken seven Drivers’ world titles and has contributed to the same number of team wins in the Constructors’ Championship. He has taken part in 247 Formula 1 Grands Prix (178 of them at the wheel of a Ferrari,) won 90 (71,) been on pole 68 (58) times, setting 75 (52) fastest race laps. He has amassed a total of 1354 points, 1051 of them in a Maranello car. No one in the world of motor racing has done better. Following his decision, the only record that will elude him is the one for the number of race starts. He will be able to reach the 250 mark, just six short of the record held by Riccardo Patrese. Schumacher has been with Scuderia Ferrari for eleven seasons, a demonstration of loyalty without equal in Formula 1, to date securing five of his Drivers’ titles here and contributing to six of the team’s Constructors’ titles. No other driver has ever won as much with the Scuderia. At the end of the year, as is traditional, we will announce the new team organisation, which will also include a definition of Michael’s new role. Michael Schumacher will retire from race driving at the end of the 2006 World Championship. Whatever the final result of this year's championship, Michael leaves Formula One holding almost all the records. To date, he has taken seven Drivers' world titles and has contributed to the same number of team wins in the Constructors' Championship. He has taken part in 247 Formula 1 Grands Prix (178 of them at the wheel of a Ferrari,) won 90 (71,) been on pole 68 (58) times, setting 75 (52) fastest race laps. He has amassed a total of 1354 points, 1051 of them in a Maranello car. No one in the world of motor racing has done better. Following his decision, the only record that will elude him is the one for the number of race starts. He will be able to reach the 250 mark, just six short of the record held by Riccardo Patrese. Schumacher has been with Scuderia Ferrari for eleven seasons, a demonstration of loyalty without equal in Formula One, to date securing five of his Drivers' titles here and contributing to six of the team's Constructors' titles. No other driver has ever won as much with the Scuderia. "I had always said that the decision to retire would be his alone, but now that decision has been taken, I feel a sense of sadness," commented Ferrari President and CEO, Luca di Montezemolo. "We have lived through some unforgettable times together, some good some bad, achieving results that will be hard to equal. To Michael goes the thanks of everyone in the company and supporters of Ferrari for all the dedication he has shown to our colours, for the determination and courage with which he has worked,which has provided immense satisfaction. He is both sincere and passionate and has earned the affection of all of us and of our fans. His relationship with Maranello will continue, albeit in a different form and I am very happy about that." "Michael has been the author of a unique chapter in the history of Formula 1 and of Ferrari in particular. It has yet to reach its conclusion and what he has achieved extends over and above the results obtained," added Managing Director, Jean Todt. "He is an exceptional man and will become a legend as a driver. For me personally, he is a great friend and together we have lived through unrepeatable experiences. Having had the opportunity to work alongside him has been and will continue to be a privilege." "Words are not enough and whatever I could say now will never fully express how much I love this fascinating world of motor sport and all it has given me," said Michael Schumacher. "From go-karting to Formula 1, I have lived through moments that I will never forget. I am profoundly grateful for everything I have had. I want to thank everyone who has accompanied me, supported and inspired me, right back to the days of my childhood. Above all, a special thanks goes to Corinna and our two children, who have given me the strength to do what I have done. All these years in Formula 1 have been amazing, especially those spent alongside my friends in the Scuderia. Soon my future will belong to my family, while I am happy to be still part of Ferrari. But for now, what matters is this world championship." At the end of the year, as is traditional, we will announce the new team organisation, which will also include a definition of Michael's new role. 译文： 迈克尔舒马赫将在2006赛季结束后结束赛车生涯。 不管今年的比赛结果如何，迈克尔将带着几乎所有记录离开F1。到目前为止他已经获得 了7次世界冠军并获得了7次车队世界冠军。 他总共参加247场F1大奖赛（178场代表法拉利参赛）获胜90场（70场代表法拉利），获 得杆位68次（58次代表法拉利），作出了75次最快圈速（52次代表法拉利）。他总共获 得了1354个积分，1051分是驾驶法拉利获得。赛车世界里没有任何人做的比他出色。 随着他决定退役，他唯一的还没破的记录是参赛次数记录，他将能参加250次比赛，仅比 记录保持者Riccado Patrese少6场。 舒马赫为法拉利参赛11个赛季，F1中没有人像他一样忠诚。到目前为止为法拉利获得了 5次车手总冠军和六次车队总冠军。没有其他法拉利车手和他获得的荣誉一样多。 “我一直说退役的决定要由他独自作出，现在他宣布了决定，我感到非常难过”法拉利 CEO蒙特则莫罗说道“我们一起经过了一些难忘的日子，有些好的，有些坏的，获得的成 就将很难被后人追上。” “全公司所有人和法拉利的支持者对他为我们颜色的倾注所有给于万分的感谢，感谢他 工作时的决心和勇气，这使我们非常满意。他的真诚和激情获得了我们和车迷所有人的 喜爱。” “他和马拉内罗的关系将继续，虽然是种不同的方式，我还是很高兴。” “迈克尔是F1运动中一段独一无二的传奇的缔造者，特别是对法拉利的历史来说。然而 这一切不得不走向结束，他所获得的远不止是那些结果所能表达的，”车队经理让.托德 说道。 “他是个特殊的人，作为一个车手将成为传奇。对我个人来说，他是个伟大的朋友，我 们一起度过的经历不可能被后人重复，拥有和他一起工作的机会一直是而且以后还会是 特别的荣幸” “不管我说什么都不能完全表达我是多么热爱这个迷人的赛车世界和她给于我的所有这 一切，”舒马赫说道。“从卡丁车到F1，我经历过的日子将永生难忘，深深的感激我所 拥有的一切。” “我要感谢陪伴我的所有人，你们支持和激励着我，从我还是孩子的时候就开始了。首 先，我要特别感谢克丽娜和我们的两个孩子，他们给了我做这些的力量，所有这些在F1 的日子都非常快乐，特别是那些在法拉利和我的朋友们在一起的日子” “不久我的未来将属于我的家庭了，我依然很高兴是法拉利的一部分，但是现在重要的是冠军争夺。” 像以前一样，到年底的时候我们将宣布新的车队成员结构，包括迈克尔的新职位。