初一上册英语书

初中英语的学习主要以课本为媒介进行，考试检测的内容也主要来源于课本。那么，课本中有些内容值得我们去学习了解?以下是初一英语上册课本内容知识点整理，供大家学习参考。

1、Unit 1 --Unit 2

(1)问候语：

Good morning/ afternoon/ evening.

How are you?---Just OK, thank you. How are you?---Not bad, thanks.

Hi! Hello!

How do you do?

(2)道别用语：

Nice/ Glad to meet/ see you.(meet用于初次见面，see用于熟人间)

Nice to meet/ see you, too.

Goodbye. Byebye. Bye. See you (later/ tomorrow/ next time)! So long! Good night!

(3)介绍人或者物的句型：This is...

(4)Excuse me.与I'm sorry.的区别：

Excuse me.是要引起对方的注意，而I'm sorry.则是向对方道歉。

(5)词组be from = come from

(6)当问句中问到this/ that时，回答要用it;问到these/ those时，要用they来回答。 例如： What's this in English?----It's an eraser.

What are those?----They are books.

(7)对Thanks.的回答：That's OK./ You're welcome./ My pleasur.

(8)look the same = have the same looks

give sth. to sb. = give sb. sth.

be like = look like

in the tree/ on the tree (树上结的、长出来的用on，否则用in)

in red(穿着红色的衣服)

in the desk(在空间范围之内)

in English(用英语)

help sb. do sth.

(9)both与all的区别：

both表示"两者都......";all表示"三者及以上都......"。

2、Unit 3--Unit 4

(1)speak的用法

speak与say不同：speak表示"说"的动作，不表示"说"的内容;say则表示"说"的内容。

speak后面除了能接"语言"外，不能直接接东西，后面加了to则表示"对......说"。

help sb. with sth.(帮助某人做/补习)

want to do sth.(想要做某事)

would like to do sth.

not...at all(一点都不);Not at all.(没关系/别介意)

like...a lot = like...very much

(2)some和any的区别：

口诀：some用于肯定句，否定、疑问变any。例如：

I have some money.

I don't have any money.

Do you have any money?

(3)have a seat = take a seat(请随便坐)

(4)祈使句(表示命令或请求的句子)

祈使句一般都省略了主语You，所以其否定句直接用Don't开头。例如：

Don't go there!

(5)问职业：

What does sb. do?

What is sb.?

What's sb.'s job?

(6)work与job的区别：

work是未必有报酬的"工作"，例如homework, housework;而job则一定是有报酬的"工作"。

(7)on指在物体的`表面，不论这个面是否水平的，例如：

on the desk/ wall/ farm/ playground

(8)in hospital(住院);in the hospital(在医院里)

look after(照料/照顾/照看)

help oneself(请自便/随便吃)

(9)表示"建议"的句型："做某事如何?"

What about (doing) sth.? (英式英语)

How about (doing) sth.? (美式英语)

Why don't you do sth.? = Why not do sth.?

(10)"吃"一日三餐要用have：have breakfast/ lunch/ supper

have...for breakfast/ lunch/ supper

take one's order

be kind to sb.

(11)try on这个词组可合可分：名词可以放在这个词组的中间或后面，但代词只能放在词组的中间。

(12)在口语中往往用take表示"买"。

(13)how many与how much的区别：

how many + 可数名词;how much + 不可数名词

(14)What do you think of...? 是询问对方对某事物的看法;

How do you like...? 是问对方对某事物喜欢的程度。

think about(考虑)

Thank you all the same. (即使对方没能帮上忙，也要礼貌道谢)

Thanks. = Thank you.(thank作为动词，不能单独使用。)

(15)one与it的区别：

当上下文说的是同一种类事物时，任意一个可以用one来代替;如果上下文所说的是同一个事物时则用it。例如：

Ann ：I have a yellow bag.

Jane ：I have a green one.

Tom ： Hey, Mike. Where is your bike?

Mike ： Look, it's over there.

(16)倒装句

Here you are.

Here it is.

(17)be free (有空/免费)

forget to do sth.(忘了去做某事)

forget doing sth.(忘了做过某事)

What's up? = What's wrong with...? = What's the matter with...?

(18)go + v.-ing结构的含义：为了实现某目的才去的。例如：

go fishing/ boating/ swimming/ shopping等

(19)have to do sth.(非主观因素，强调客观因素，"不得不去做某事")

must 则表示主观愿望

(20)fly a kite = fly kites

be free = have time

(21)句型"该干某事了。"：It's time to do sth. = It's time for sth.

例如：该吃午饭了.

It's time to have lunch. = It's time for lunch.

(22)时间的表述

当分针所指的时间大于0分、小于等于30分钟时，用"分钟"past"小时"。例如：

8：23--twenty-three past eight

当分针所指的时间大于30分钟、小于60分钟时，用"剩余的时间"to"下一个整点"。例如：

8：49--eleven to nine

当然，还可以直接按照小时、分钟去读出时间，例如：

8：23--eight twenty-three; 8:49--eight forty-nine

整点则在数词后加"-o'clock"，例如：8：00--eight o'clock

在钟点前介词要用at。

初一英语上册动词知识点

1、动词的种类(四类)

系动词如be(is am are);情态动词如can 、may、need;助动词( do does);行为动词如take 、bring、eat、have(has)、like、sell、buy、sale、play、see、find、go、watch、thank、think等

2、动词的第三人称单数(与名词的复数一样)

如eat(eats) take (takes) buy (buys) play (plays) have(has) are (is)

3、动词的时态(一般现在时)

( 1)含有系动词的

I’m a Chinese boy.

She is twelve.

He is Tim’s brother.

Her mother is an English teacher.

含有系动词的句子在变一般疑问句时只将“主语和系动词交换位置”，上面句子变成一般疑问句时分别为

Are you a Chinese boy ?(注意第一人称通常变为第二人称)

Is she twelve ?

Is he Tim’s brother ?

Is her mother an English teacher ?

含有系动词的句子在变否定句时只须“在系动词的后边加上not”，前面的几个了陈述句变否定句分别为

I’m not a Chinese boy.

She isn’t twelve.

He is not Tim’s btother.

Her mother isn’t an English teacher.

(2)含有情态动词的句子( can ),

She can play basketball.

His mother’s cousin can sing many English songs.

含有情态动词的句子在变一般疑问句时只须将“主语和情态动词交换位置”，上面两句变一般疑问句分别为

Can she play basketball ?

Can his mother’s cousin sing many English songs ?

含有情态动词的句子在变否定句时直接在情态动词的后边加上not ,上面两个陈述句变否定句分别为

She can not play basketball.

His mother’s cousin can not sing many English songs.

(3)含有行为动词的句子

We have many friends.

They watch TV at 7 in the evening.

The students take their books to school.

I have lunch at school.

You have a sister.

1含有行为动词的句子在变一般疑问句时要在原句子的前面加do.上面的句子变成一般疑问句分别为

Do you have many friends ?

Do they watch TV at 7 in the evening ?

Do the students take their books to school ?

Do you have lunch at school ?

Do you have a sister ?

2含有行为动词的句子在变否定句时只须在行为动词前加don’t.上述五个陈述句变否定句分别为

We don’t have many friends.

They don’t watch TV at 7 in the evening.

The students don’t take their books to school.

I don’t have lunch at school.

You don’t have a sister.

3含有行为动词的句子，当主语是第三人称单数时，行为动词要加s (或es)如：

She has a red pen.

He has eggs for breakfast.

Her mother buys a skirt for her.

She likes thrillers.

My brother watches TV every evening.

He wants to go to a movie.

含有行为动词的句子，当主语是第三人称单数时，变一般疑问句要“在原句子的前面加上does ,同时行为动词要还原”。上面的句子变成一般疑问句分别为：

Does she have a red pen ?

Does he have eggs for breakfast ?

Does her mother buy a skirt for her ?

Does she like thrillers ?

Does your brother watch TV every evening ?

Does he want to go to a movie ?

含有行为动词的句子，当主语是第三人称单数时，变否定句时“在行为动词前面加does’nt ,同时原行为动词要还原”。上面的句子变否定句分别为：

She doesn’t have a red pen.

He doesn’t have eggs for breakfast.

Her mother doesn’t buy a skirt for her.

She doesn’t like thrillers.

My brother doesn’t watch TV every evening.

He doesn’t want to go to a movie.

下面是我整理的初一上册英语课本内容，新初一的同学不妨提前学习一下，新初二、初三的同学可以当做复习资料，供大家参考。

(1)this和that是指示代词，it是人称代词。

(2)距离说话人近的人或物用this,距离说话人远的人或物用that。

如：This is a flower.这是一朵花。(近处)

That is a tree.那是一棵树。(远处)

(3)放在一起的两样东西，先说this,后说that。

如：This is a pen. That is a pencil.这是一支钢笔。那是一支铅笔。

(4)向别人介绍某人时说This is…,不说That is…。

如：This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom.这是海伦。海伦，这是汤姆。

(5)This is不能缩写,而That is可以缩写。

如：This is a bike. That’s a car.这是一辆自行车。那是一辆轿车。

(6)打电话时，介绍自己用this,询问对方用that。

如：—Hello! Is that Miss Green?喂，是格林小姐吗？

—Yes, this is. Who’s that?是的，我是，你是谁？

注意：虽然汉语中使用“我”和“你”，但英语中打电话时绝不可以说：I am…, Are you…？/Who are you?

(7)在回答this或that作主语的疑问句时,要用it代替this或that。

如：①—Is this a notebook?这是笔记本吗？

—Yes, it is.是的，它是。

②—What’s that?那是什么？

—It’s a kite.是只风筝。

a和an都是不定冠词，表示一(个，支，本，块……)的意思，但不强调数量概念，而是强调类别，用来限定名词。a用在辅音音素开头的单数名词前，如：a pencil(一支铅笔)，a book(一本书)；an用在元音音素开头的名词前，如an eraser(一块橡皮)。如果名词前有修饰语，用a还是用an，则以该修饰语的第一音素决定用a还是用an。

英语中月份和星期名称都是专有名词，它们的首字母必须大写，并且前面无需用冠词。

用英语表示日期，其顺序为月+日+年，日和年之间需用逗号隔开。如：August 2nd，2003(2003年8月2日)。也可以用日+月+年来表示。如：10th May，2003(2003年5月10日)。英语日期前介词的使用：若指在哪一年或哪一月，则用介词in，若具体到某一天，则需用介词on。如：

①She was born in 1989

②She was born in August.

③She was born in August 1989.

④She was born on 2nd August, 1989.

this, that, these和those是指示代词，these是this的复数形式，指时间、距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事；those是that的复数形式，指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物。

①This is my bed. That is Lily’s bed.这是我的床。那是莉莉的床。

②These pictures are good.那些画很好。

③Are those apple trees?那些是苹果树吗？

在回答主语是these或those的疑问句时，通常用they代替these或those以避免重复。如：

④Are these/those your apples?这些(那些)是你的苹果吗？

Yes, they are.是的，他们是。