浑天仪英文

科学家张衡 张衡(公元78～140年)，河南南阳人，东汉杰出的科学家，也是世界上最早的天文学家之一。他特别爱好数学和天文学。朝廷听说他有学问，就让他担任了太史令，掌管历史和历法，负责观察天文。 经过多年的观察，他研制了一架“浑天仪”。凡是知道的重要天文现象，都刻在“浑天仪”上了。 东汉时期，地震很活跃。当时的人们不懂科学，以为地震是鬼神发怒。张衡认为地震是一种自然灾害，他根据自己对于地震现象的观测，在公元132年发明了“候风地动仪”，这台仪器成为世界上第一台观测地震方向的仪器。地动仪制好后，放在洛阳的灵台。公元138年2月的一天，地动仪朝西的龙嘴吐出铜球，掉到了蛤蟆嘴里，这说明西北方向发生了地震。但是洛阳一点也没有地震的感觉，因此，大伙都说张衡的地动仪是骗人的。过了几天甘肃东南部有人来报告说，那里前几天发生了大地震，人们这才相信。 这是人类历史上第一次用仪器来观测地震方向。中国以外，直到公元13世纪，才有类似的仪器出现。 地动仪是怎么工作的？ 地动仪是用青铜制造的，仪器内部竖�一根铜柱，周围有8根杆子连接外面。外面有8条龙，分别朝�8个方向，每条龙的嘴里各含�一粒小铜球。哪个方向地震，柱子就倒向那个方向，触动杆子，那个方向的龙嘴就张开，吐出铜球，落在下面仰头张嘴的小铜蛤蟆口中，这样，人们就知道那里发生了地震。 Zhang Heng, a Pioneering Scientist Zhang Heng (78-140 AD) was born in Nanyang, Henan Province. He was one of the world's first astronomers. He was also a learned mathematician. He was appointed official with historiographic duties, and was also in charge of drawing up the calendar and observing astronomical phenomena. He developed an armillary sphere, on which were carved all the astronomical phenomena known at that time. Contrary to the popular belief at that time, Zhang Heng maintained that earthquakes were not signs of Heaven's anger but natural disasters. As a result of careful observations of earthquakes, he invented a seismograph in 132, which was the world's first instrument to identify and ascertain the direction of earthquakes. When an earthquake occurred, even if it could not be felt in Luoyang, the capital, a bronze ball would fall from the mouth of one of the carved dragon's heads on the instrument facing the direction of the epicenter of the earthquake into the mouth of a bronze toad below. It was not until the 13th century that similar instruments appeared outside China. Zhang Heng's Seismograph The seismograph was made entirely of bronze. Inside, there was a balanced post and eight rods connected to eight dragon's heads on the outside. When an earthquake occurred, the balanced post would tilt in the direction of the quake, push a rod, and cause the corresponding dragon's head to disgorge a bronze ball, which would then fall into the mouth of a bronze toad below.

Want to help you Chinese ancient inventor The invention of introduction name field Lu buildings with the spring-autumn and warring carpentry, square, ink fountain, saw a plane, shovels, first, drilling, lu spring-autumn and warring age -- such LuGuoRen, surnamed autumn, name, is a famous ancient Chinese architects. Lu, he has many inventions, such as carpentry with saws, square, ink fountain, a plane, shovels, first, drilling, etc. The use of the siege and a ladder for his ascent. According to legend, lock is lu invention. YuHao architecture of the northern song dynasty early wood YuHao - also called, is China's fifth gallant gets late northern song dynasty era, the architect. He was born in hangzhou, the most outstanding architectural design is BianLiang (northern nations today kaifeng city, henan province) are the gates open treasure temple tower inspiration. He wrote a book, "the woodwork of wood, three volumes. He has made known tower lu. In the mathematics л zu chongzhi more accurate bounds by using the zu chongzhi zu chongzhi - the figure was cut LiuWei л forward more accurate bounds. л < < 3.1415927 3.1415926 namely. LiuWei mathematical 225-295 LiuWei operation diagram in cut in wei-jin period - LiuWei, invented the graph, cutting him л value PI (3.14). He also invented a new method of linear equations. Puts forward problems, establish a volatile equation irrespective of several formula and before the series. LiuWei shape.mental Euclid, Archimedes comparable. The ZhuShiJie mathematics dai yuan ZhuShiJie - China mathematician. As China's first compiled 1299 years from a Chinese enlightenment, then, to form the kangsheng relatively complete system. Therefore, he wrote in the dai, the promotion for "four intraoperative tian yuan RMB, this is a kind of high equation solution (highest can include four unknown). Europe was introduced by 1775 - the same solution elimination method. American historians of science that Sutton evaluation of the dai is the entire world is one of the most outstanding math books. Zhang astronomy han armillary sphere, syndrome -- is China's wind zhang han astronomers. In the knowledge structure of the universe, said zhang is the representative of muddy. He think: days like an egg yolk, shell, like small, he thinks the days of shell and infinite days of the universe. Zhang design and manufacturing armillary sphere, waiting for the moon and stars, and seismograph did many observation and analysis. He measured the diameter of the sun and the moon is 1 / week - 29, namely 736 24 '. ' His statistics in the central plains of China can see stars about 2500. The international astronomical society in order to commemorate the outstanding contribution of astronomy, subject to the moon, a ringed mountain named "zhang ringed mountain". GuoShouJing astronomy yuan high table, exquisite, 16 meter GuoShouJing observatory, plan China's yuan is outstanding astronomers. He created a high table, exquisite, observatory, instrument and apparatus, 16 project specialized measurement objects. Also, the existing JianYi made ZiJinShan observatory. Determination of the yellow GuoShouJing intersect. French scientists Laplace yellow, put forward the theory of smaller intersect is GuoShouJing according to the reference. Danish astronomer DiGu do later than the same measurements GuoShouJing 300 years. The invention of introduction name field ShiShen astronomy during the warring states period first astronomical masterpiece "astronomy" ShiShen -- in the warring states period, the astronomer, ShiShen first astronomical masterpiece "astronomy". After the han people respect "as" ShiShiXing astronomy "by". The book has 121 star, remember there is water in the book, gold, wood, fire, earth five planets and the running into food, etc. ShiShen compiled the earliest catalogs. Saying "Yang" less is known to shine. Can own LiuChao astronomy calendar of the sui dynasty emperor pole LiuChao - the sui dynasty astronomers. Creating the emperor extremely calendar, his first priority to day, month depending on the movement of the inhomogeneity, founded the non-equidistant second difference interpolation. The calculation speed depends on. And he sent to 75 years old was poor. The big yan line astronomy calendar of tang dynasty, astronomers line. He constructed a new calendar "big yan calendar, including ten calendar, the ancient very advanced calendar. Early in the 13th century BC, the Chinese sports in the sun and the moon, according to established a YinYangLi method. YangZhongFu astronomers song dynasty "series of Chinese calendar days YangZhongFu - the song dynasty astronomers. He created a series of the calendar days, he sure HuiGuiNian length for 365.2425 day. There HuiGuiNian length and found that growth phenomenon. Lotito under the new friends astronomy han han Chinese friends -- under the Los Angeles astronomers. Change the equator type instrument, set the equator HunYi type of basic structure. SuSong astronomy TianXiangYi song dynasty China SuSong - astronomer. And the Korean and cream TianXiangYi made cooperation and suggests, is the first TianXiangYi in ancient China. Eight people, each layer, a door to door open, MuRen out of time. (LouHu behind and mechanical system). Lasting seven niang 10 century kongmin light, lasting seven niang - in regimes 10 century invented turpentine lights (kongmin light) as the lights when war, which is the first to use Chinese. Also, this is regimes invented the first airline gas turbine. PeiXiu 224-271 created the theory of drawing planar map "drawings" six PeiXiu - in China's earliest established the theory of drawing planar map "drawings" six. And the "yugong region. MaJun mechanical design sanguo era keel series (also called overturned) MaJun wei, outstanding people, create the home and mechanical design. Three times created the keel series (also called overturned), he can carry with water, irrigation equipment, JieGao. There is very clever, the structure of coincidence. The invention of introduction name field LiChun bridge design 605-617-605 - LiChun zhaozhou bridge, created in 617 the arch figure on the set alvine arch bridge open shoulder. Zhaozhou bridge is he famous design. In the han dynasty ding slow inventor was full of light, the censer, and often rotate slowly -- han, butyl fan in 180 years in changan. There was invented in the item censer, and often full of light, rotary fan, changan cunning work. The song dynasty (960 scientist named by his oil (960-1031 ~ clermont, scientists, the song dynasty put forward by his name oil. CAI lun 62-121-62-121 paper CAI lun, CAI lun adopts bark, hemp, rags, old fishnet as raw material papermaking success. This invention will be reported in 105 emperor. By the emperor in 114 years to dragon pavilions. Then said CaiHou paper. The 12th century, paper-making indirectly to Europe. The 13th century Mongolian people, with CaiHou paper in Persia issued the first notes. In the 14th century, Japan, Korea, Vietnam and began to use notes. CARDS and then spread to Europe via the Arab countries again. 1041 1041 ~ 1048 movable type printing 1041 1041 - in northern China ~ 1048. Printing was invented. Du du ~ ~ 91-91 ominous hydraulic blower in henan. First the hydraulic drum wind drainage equipment. Namely using hydraulic drive fan drum wind. Is the world's first hydraulic blower, more than 1100 European earlier. Pu yuan quenching technology pu yuan three kingdoms period - 300 years, The Three Kingdoms period. First, establish tantung quenching technology and elastic. The Three Kingdoms period grandson is the grandson grandson - 300 years, the origin of YuDingLi by a number of things not titled ", "wrote" grandson is the "system discussed plans numeration system. QinJiuShao mathematical 1202 ~ 1247 founded a congruence of solutions for a "big yan and high order equation of numerical solution open QinJiuShao - 1202, organization, China in 1247 ~ mathematician. The number of books, founded in chapter 9 once more than with the solution for a "big yan and high order equation of numerical solution open organization. LiZhi mathematics test, China LiZhi mirror the sea, "the mathematician measured the mirror" is the first book of change system of China was "giant" tian yuan. Song dynasty (960 found so with fine lines in the central (CiZhen and compass) hang up. Through observation, discover, write into his book "mouse-catching device recorded. Later, people use of the magnet compass needle become, and guide the table. 13 to the east of the Italian mark, playing a compass, see the Baltic and put it into Europe. Mozi 400 BC light travels in straight forward arguments mozi - 400 BC, the book discusses the lever mozi, light travels in straight argument. 这是上面内位的介绍，只不过我改成了英文版，你不是要英文么

1、丹麦，金色的盾面上横置着三只头戴王冠的蓝色狮子，周围点缀着九颗红心。狮子和红心象征勇敢、忠诚、善良。盾上端是一顶华丽的王冠，象征丹麦是一个古老的王国。2、葡萄牙，主体部分是一个金色的浑天仪，这是古老的航海仪器，代表葡萄牙人的航海成就。浑天仪中央为一面白盾，盾面上五个蓝色小盾组成十字形，每个小蓝盾上有五个白色圆堡。五个小蓝盾是纪念阿尔丰沙一世在奥利基战役中击败摩尔人的五个君主所取得的胜利；白色圆堡是葡萄牙古老的标志，也象征耶稣基督打败异教徒的力量。白色盾形重叠于大红盾中，红盾周边有七个城堡，纪念葡萄牙从摩尔人手中收复的省份。浑天仪周围饰橄榄枝总之：葡萄牙队徽是葡萄牙国旗的主体标志；丹麦队徽是包含了建队时间、丹麦足协的英文全拼、中间的三个大字母是丹麦足协的简写。

希望对你有帮助 中国古代发明家 姓名 领域 年代 发明作品 简介 鲁班 建筑 春秋战国 木工用的 锯子、曲尺、墨斗、刨子、铲子、铺首、钻、凿等 鲁班--春秋战国时代鲁国人，姓 公输，名般，是中国古代著名的建筑师。鲁班他有很多发明创造，如木工用的 锯子、曲尺、墨斗、刨子、铲子、铺首、钻、凿等。攻城用的可活动的云梯。相传，锁也是鲁班发明的。 喻皓 建筑 北宋初年 《木经》 喻皓--亦称预浩，是中国五代末年，北宋初年的建筑师。出生于杭州，他设计的最杰出的建筑是北宋国都汴梁（今河南省开封市）安远门内开宝寺中的灵感塔。他还写了一部木工手艺的书--《木经》,共 3 卷。他有造塔鲁班之称。 祖冲之 数学 南朝 л的更精确的上下界 祖冲之--南朝的祖冲之利用刘微的割图术提出了 л的更精确的上下界。 即3.1415926〈л〈3.1415927。 刘微 数学 225 ~ 295年 割图术 刘微--魏晋时期的刘微，发明了割图术的方法，他取л值3.14。他还发明了介线性方程组的新分法。提出了不定方程问题，建立了等差级数前几项和公式。刘微应和欧几里德、阿基米德相提并论。 朱世杰 数学 元代 《四元玉鉴》 朱世杰--中国元代数学家。1299 年编撰成中国第一本算学启蒙，从四则运算到天元术，形成了较完整的体系。1303年，他又写成了 《四元玉鉴》，把天元术推广为“四元术”，这是一种高次方程的解法（最高可包括4个未知数）。欧洲到 1775 年才提出同样的解法 ——消元法。美国科学史家萨顿评价他所著的《四元玉鉴》是整个世界中最杰出的数学著作之一。 张衡 天文学 东汉时期 漏水转浑天仪、候风地动仪 张衡--是中国东汉时期的天文学家。对在宇宙结构的认识上，张衡是浑天说的代表人物之一。他认为：天像个鸡蛋壳，地像鸡蛋黄，天大地小，他认为天壳之外还有无限的宇宙。张衡设计和制造了漏水转浑天仪、候风地动仪，并对日月星辰做了许多观测和分析。他测量出了太阳和月亮的角直径是周尺的1/736，即29'24'。他统计出在中国的中原地区能看到的恒星约有2500颗。国际天文学会为了纪念张衡对天文学的突出贡献，将月球上的一个环形山命名为“张衡环形山”。 郭守敬 天文学 元代 高表、玲珑仪、观象台计 16 种仪表 郭守敬--是中国元代杰出的天文学家。他创制了高表、玲珑仪、观象台计 16 种仪表，仪器专门测量天体使用。还制作了简仪，现存紫金山天文台。郭守敬测定了黄赤交角。法国科学家 Laplace 提出黄赤交角变小理论，引用的根据就是郭守敬的。丹麦天文学家第谷所做的同类测量比郭守敬晚300年。 姓名 领域 年代 发明作品 简介 石申 天文学 战国时期 第一部天文巨著“天文” 石申--战国时期的天文学家，石申第一部天文巨著“天文”。西汉后，人们尊称“天文”一书为“石氏星经”。书中标有 121 颗恒星的位置，书中还记有水、木、金、火、土五大行星的运行及交食等情况。石申编制了最早的星表。并称之“少阳”已认识到能自身发光。 刘焯 天文学 隋代 《皇极历》 刘焯--隋代天文学家。创制了《皇极历》，他首先考虑到了日、月视运动的不均匀性，创立了等间距二次差内插法。计算日月视运动的速度。同时他把差岁改为 75 年差一度。 一行 天文学 唐代 《大衍历》 一行--唐代天文学家。他编制出一部新的历法《大衍历》，它包括十篇历议，是古代非常先进的历法。早在公元前 13 世纪，中国人以太阳和月亮运动为依据，创立了一种阴阳历法。 杨忠辅 文学家 南宋时期 《统天历》 杨忠辅--中国南宋时期天文学家。他创制了《统天历》，他确定回归年长度为 365.2425 日。并发现回归年长度有消长现象。 洛下闳 天文学 汉代 赤道式仪器 洛下闳--中国汉代天文学家。改创了赤道式仪器，定下了赤道式浑仪的基本结构。 苏颂 天文学 宋代 天象仪 苏颂--中国宋代天文学家。和韩公廉合作制成了天象仪及水运仪象台，是中国古代第一架天象仪。有 8 人高，每层有门，一到时间门开，木人出来报时。（后面有漏壶和机械系统）。 莘七娘 10 世纪 孔明灯,走马灯 莘七娘——在10世纪时发明了松脂灯（孔明灯）作为打仗时的信号灯，这是中国人最早利用热气球。同时发明了走马灯，这是航空燃气涡轮的始祖。 裴秀224~271 创立了绘制平面地图的理论“制图六体” 裴秀——在中国最早创立了绘制平面地图的理论“制图六体”。并绘制了《禹贡地域图》。 马钧 机械设计 三国时代 龙骨水车（又叫翻车） 马钧——魏国人，杰出机械设计和创造家。三国时代创制了龙骨水车（又叫翻车），他能连续提水，灌溉用的水机具——桔槔。结构非常巧妙，有天下之名巧之称。 姓名 领域 年代 发明作品 简介 李春 桥梁设计 605~617 赵州桥 李春—— 605~617 年，首创了在主拱图上设小腹拱的敞肩式拱桥。有名的赵州桥就是他设计的。 丁缓 发明家 汉代 被中香炉、常满灯、旋转风扇 丁缓——汉代，在 180 年生于长安。发明的物品有被中香炉、常满灯、旋转风扇，有长安巧工之称。 沈括 科学家 宋朝 石油命名最早由他提出 沈括—— 1031~1095 年，宋朝科学家，石油命名最早由他提出。 蔡伦62~121 纸 蔡伦—— 62~121 年，蔡伦采用树皮、麻头、破布、旧鱼网为原料造纸成功。 105 年将此发明报皇帝。于 114 年被皇帝封为龙亭侯。当时人称纸为蔡侯纸。 12 世纪，造纸术间接传到欧洲。 13 世纪，蒙古人用蔡侯纸在波斯发行第一批纸币。 14 世纪，朝鲜、越南、日本也开始使用纸币。纸牌然后经由阿拉伯国家再传到欧洲。 毕昇1041~1048 活字印刷术 毕昇—— 1041~1048 年，中国北宋人。发明了活字印刷术。 杜诗91~不祥 水力鼓风机 杜诗—— 91 年，河南人。首创了水力鼓风设备水排。即利用水力推动风扇鼓风。是世界上最早的水力鼓风机，比欧洲早了 1100 年。 浦元 三国时期 淬火技术 浦元—— 300 年，三国时期。首创淬火技术，使钢刀坚而有弹性。 孙子 三国时期 孙子算经 孙子—— 300 年，乘余定理的起源一题为“物不知数”，写了“孙子算经”一书系统论述了筹算记数制。 秦九韶 数学 1202~1247 创立解一次同余式的“大 衍求一术”和求高次方程数值解的正负开方术 秦九韶—— 1202~1247 年，中国数学家。写有《数书九章》，创立解一次同余式的“大 衍求一术”和求高次方程数值解的正负开方术。 李治 数学 测园海镜 李治——中国数学家，著有“测园海镜”是中国第一本系统改述“天元术”的巨书。 沈括 宋朝 沈括发现用细线系在磁针的中央（指南针），并将其悬挂起来。经过观察、发现，写进了他的著作《梦溪笔谈》中。以后人们把用磁铁制作的针成为指南针，还有指南桌。 13世纪到东方玩的意大利人马可、波罗见到了指南针，并把它传到了欧洲。 墨子 公元前 400 年 提出光是直线传播的论点 墨子——公元前 400 年，墨子一书论述了杠杆平衡，提出光是直线传播的论点。麻烦采纳，谢谢!