公路网英文

建议寻找开放存取资源，推荐使用OA图书馆的搜索，我帮你查了一些，你可以根据自己的需求，选择关键字进行查询。1、Economics of Road Network Ownership 、Measuring the Benefits Gained by Industry from Road Network Improvements

Jinan - Taian - Qufu - Xuzhou - Bengbu - Hefei - Tongling - Huangshan - Quzhou - Nanping - Fuzhou - Taipei) 3, Beijing - Hong Kong and Macao (Beijing - Baoding - Shijiazhuang - Handan - Xinxiang - Zhengzhou - Luohe - Xinyang - Wuhan - Changsha - hits - Hengyang - Chenzhou - Shaoguan - Huadu - Guangzhou - Zhongshan - Zhuhai - Macau and Guangzhou - Shenzhen -- Hong Kong) 4, Beijing - Kunming (Beijing - Baoding - Shijiazhuang - Taiyuan - Linfen - Xi'an - Hanzhong - Guangyuan - Mianyang - Chengdu - Ya'an - Xichang - Panzhihua - Yuanmou - Did Luquan - Kunming) 5, Beijing - Lhasa (Beijing - Zhangjiakou - Jining - Hohhot - Baotou - Linhe - Wuhai - Yinchuan - - - silver - Maryland - Xining - Golmud - Lhasa) 6, Beijing - Urumqi (Beijing - Zhangjiakou - Jining - Hohhot - Baotou - Linhe - EJINAQI - Hami - Turpan - Urumqi) 7, Beijing - Harbin (Beijing - Tangshan - Shanhaiguan - Jinzhou - Shenyang - Tieling - Siping - Changchun - Harbin) Two, nine vertical lines north and south 1, Hegang - Dalian (Hegang - Jiamusi - Jixi - Mudanjiang - Dunhua - Baishan - Tonghua - Dandong - Dalian) 2, Shenyang - Haikou (Shenyang - Anshan - Dalian - Yantai - sunshine - Lianyungang - Yancheng - Nantong - Shanghai - Ningbo - Taizhou - Wenzhou - Ningde - Fuzhou - Quanzhou - Zhangzhou - Shantou - Shanwei - Shenzhen - Guangzhou - Foshan -- Kaiping - Yangjiang - Maoming - Zhanjiang - MSC - Haikou) 3, Changchun - Shenzhen (Changchun - Shuangliao - Fuxin - Chaoyang - Chengde - Tangshan - Tianjin - Huanghua - Binzhou - Linyi - Lianyungang - Huaian - Nanjing - Liyang - Yixing - Huzhou - Hangzhou - Jinhua - Lishui - Nanping - Sanming -- Meizhou - Heyuan - Huizhou - Shenzhen) 4, Jinan - Guangzhou (Jinan - Heze - Shangqiu - Fuyang - Lu'an - Anqing - Jingdezhen - Yingtan - Nancheng - Ruijin - Heyuan - Guangzhou) 5, Daqing - Guangzhou (Daqing - Songyuan - Shuangliao - Tongliao - Chifeng - Chengde - Beijing - Bazhou - Hengshui - Puyang - Kaifeng - Zhoukou - Macheng - Yellowstone - Ji'an - Ganzhou - Lung South - Lian-ping - Guangzhou) 6, Erlianhaote - Guangzhou (Erlianhaote - Jining - Datong - Shuozhou - Taiyuan - Changzhi - Jincheng - Luoyang - Pingdingshan - Nanyang - Xiangfan - Jingmen - Jingzhou - Changde - Loudi - Shaoyang - Yongzhou - even the state - Guangzhou) 7, Baotou - Maoming (Baotou - Ordos - Yulin - Yan'an - Bucheon - Tongchuan - Xi'an - Ankang - Florida - Chongqing - Fuling - Qianjiang - Jishou - Huaihua - Guilin - Wuzhou - Maoming) 8, Lanzhou - Haikou (Lanzhou - Guangyuan - Nanchong - Chongqing - Zunyi - Guiyang - Majiang - Duyun - Hechi - Nanning - Beihai - Zhanjiang - MSC - Haikou) 9, Chongqing - Kunming (Chongqing - Neijiang - Yibin - Zhaotong - Kunming) 3, 18 things horizontal line 1, Suifenhe - Manzhouli (Suifenhe - Mudanjiang - Harbin - Daqing - Qiqihar - Arong Banner - Manzhouli) 2, Hunchun - Wulanhaote (Hunchun - Dunhua - Jilin - Changchun - Songyuan - Baicheng - Wulanhaote) 3, Dandong - Xilinhot (Dandong - Haicheng - Panjin - Jinzhou - Chaoyang - Chifeng - Xilinhot) 4, powerhouse - Wuhai (kilometer - Weihai - Yantai - New River - Dongying - Huanghua - Tianjin - Bazhou - changing source - Shuozhou - Ordos - Wuhai) 5, Qingdao - Yinchuan (Qingdao - Weifang - Zibo - Jinan - Shijiazhuang - Taiyuan - Lishi - Jingbian - will edge - Yinchuan) 6, Qingdao - Maryland (Qingdao - Laiwu - Taian - Liaocheng - Handan - Changzhi - Linfen - Bucheon - Qingyang - Pingliang - for the West - Lanzhou) 7, Lianyungang - Horgos (Lianyungang - Xuzhou - Shangqiu - Lankao - Kaifeng - Zhengzhou - Luoyang - Sanmenxia - Xi'an - Baoji - Tianshui - for the West - Maryland - Wuwei - Jiayuguan - HONGLIUYUAN - Hami - Turpan - Urumqi Mu Qi - hard - Horgos) 8, Nanjing - Luoyang (Nanjing - Chuzhou - Bengbu - Fuyang - Zhoukou - Luohe - Pingdingshan - Luoyang) 9, Shanghai - Xi'an (Shanghai - Nantong - Yangzhou - Nanjing - Hefei - Lu'an - Xinyang - Nanyang - Shangzhou - Xi'an) 10, Shanghai - Chengdu (Shanghai - Suzhou - Wuxi - Changzhou - Nanjing - Hefei - Lu'an - Macheng - Wuhan - Xiaogan - Jingmen - Yichang - Wanzhou - Dianjiang - Nanchong - Suining - Chengdu) 11, Shanghai - Chongqing (Shanghai - Yixing - Xuanzhou - Wuhu - Tongling - Anqing - apricot - Yellowstone - Wuhan - Jingzhou - Enshi - Zhongxian County - Dianjiang - Chongqing) 12, Hangzhou - Ruili (Hangzhou - Huangshan - Jingdezhen - Jiujiang - Xianning - Yueyang - Changde - Jishou - Zunyi - Bijie - Liupanshui - Qujing - Kunming - Chuxiong - Dali - Ruili) 13, Shanghai - Kunming (Shanghai - Hangzhou - Jinhua - Quzhou - Shangrao - Nanchang - Yichun - Pingxiang - hits - Shaoyang - Huaihua - Majiang - Guiyang - Anshun - Qujing - Kunming) 14, Fuzhou - Yinchuan (Fuzhou - Nanping - Nancheng - Nanchang - Dean - Jiujiang - apricot - Yellowstone - Wuhan - Xiaogan - Xiangfan - Shiyan - Shangzhou - Xi'an - Xianyang - Pingliang - - - Yinchuan) 15, Quanzhou - Nanning (Quanzhou - Sanming - Ji'an - Hengyang - Yongzhou - Guilin - Liuzhou - Nanning) 16, Xiamen - Chengdu (Xiamen - Longyan - Ruijin - Ganzhou - Chenzhou - Guilin - Majiang - Guiyang - Bijie - Luzhou - Neijiang - Chengdu) 17, Shantou - Kunming (Shantou - Meizhou - Lian-ping - Shaoguan - Hezhou - Liuzhou - Hechi - Xingyi - Shilin - Kunming) 18, Guangzhou - Kunming (Guangzhou - Foshan - Zhaoqing - Nanning - Bose - Funing - Kaiyuan - Shilin - Kunming) Four, five regional Link 1, Liaoning Central Link (Liaoning - Xinmin - Tieling - Fushun - Benxi - Anshan - Liaoning) 2, Chengyu NOL (Chengdu - Mianyang - Suining - Chongqing - Luzhou - Yibin - Leshan - Ya'an - Chengdu) 3, Hainan NOL (Haikou - Qionghai - Mannings - Sanya - the East - Haikou) 4, the PRD Link (Hong Kong - Macao - Zhuhai - Shunde - Foshan - Huadu - Zengcheng - Dongguan - Shenzhen - Hong Kong and Dongguan - Shunde - Foshan - Huadu - Zengcheng - Dongguan) 5, Hangzhou Bay Link (Zhoushan - Ningbo - Hangzhou - Shanghai - Ningbo) 5, 19 horizontal lines to contact A Heihe - Harbin (Heihe - that water - Harbin, connecting Sui Man, Surfacing; With Kazakhstan, Hok Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan-line contact) 2 with Jiang - Harbin (with Jiang - Shuangyashan - Jiamusi - Harbin, a high-speed connection crane; Sui Man, Surfacing; Black Kazakhstan, Hok Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan-line contact) 3, Harbin - Shenyang (Harbin - the five permanent members - Shulan - Jilin - classed - Fushun - Shenyang, linking Sui Man, Surfacing; Wu Hui-; Shen-high speed; Black Kazakhstan, Hok Kazakhstan, with Kazakhstan, set pairs, Shen Dan Contact Line and Liaoning in the NOL) 4, Huanghua - Shijiazhuang (Huanghua - Cangzhou - Shijiazhuang, connecting Ukraine-long Shenzhen Expressway; The Beijing-Shanghai, Beijing-Taiwan high speed; Big-high speed; Beijing Hong Kong and Macao, Jing Kun, silver-green) 5, Qingdao - New River (Qingdao - New River, connecting Ukraine-Green silver moldavica high-speed) 6, Yangzhou - Yixing (Yangzhou - Zhenjiang - Yixing connecting Dow, Shanghai-rong, long Shenzhen Expressway) 7, Nanjing - Wuhu (Nanjing - MOS - Wuhu connecting Dow, Shanghai-rong, long deep speed; Shanghai and Chongqing and a Wu-line contact) 8, Hefei - Wuhu (Hefei - Chaohu - Wuhu, connecting Beijing-Taiwan, the Dow high speed; Shanghai and Chongqing - Ning Wu contact line) 9, Hefei - Anqing (Hefei - Anqing, connecting Dow, Ji-Canton, Shanghai and Chongqing High-Speed) 10, Nanning - Pass (Mr. connecting South-Queensland, high-speed LAN Hai) 11, Kaiyuan - estuary (high-speed link-Queensland) 12, Lijiang - Dali (high-speed connections Hang Switzerland) 13, Xiangfan - Tianshui (Xiangfan - Ankang - Tianshui connecting two broad, high-silver; High-speed packet-mao; Jing Kun high speed; Even high-speed Huo) 14, set edge - Wuwei (set edge - - - Wuwei, silver-high-speed connections; - Silver, high-speed Beijing Rafah; Even high-speed Huo) 15, HONGLIUYUAN - Golmud (HONGLIUYUAN - Dunhuang - Golmud. Connecting Link Khodorkovsky, the Beijing-Rafah) 16, Altay - Kuitun (Altay - Karamay - Kuitun, high-speed connections even Khodorkovsky, Tariq contact line) 17, a tower - Karamay (contact line linking NASA) 18, Turpan - Kashi (Turpan - Korla - Kuche - Aksu - Kashi, connecting even Khodorkovsky, the Beijing-Ukraine; Iraq and contact line) 19, Yierkeshitan - Hotan (Yierkeshitan - Kashi - Hotan connecting spit Caledonia contact line) 6, 17 vertical line contact 1, Hegang - Harbin (Hegang - Yichun - Suihua - Harbin, a high-speed connection crane; Sui full speed, Surfacing; Black Kazakhstan, with Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan-line contact) 2, the set - Shuangliao (Set On - classed - Liaoyuan - Siping - Shuangliao, a high-speed connection crane; Kazakhstan Shen contact; Surfacing; Long deep, high-speed large-Canton) 3, Dandong - Fuxin (Dandong - Benxi - Shenyang - Xinmin - Fuxin connecting Crane, Dan-tin; Beijing Kazakhstan, Shen-high speed; Long Shenzhen Expressway; New Lu, contact Kam Fu Central Line and Liaoning) 4, Xinmin - Lubei (Xinmin - Tongliao, Lubei, long connecting Shenzhen Expressway; Big-high speed; Shen Fu, A-line contact and Liaoning in the NOL) 5, Fuxin - Jinzhou (Fuxin - Jinzhou, long connecting Shenzhen Expressway; Beijing Kazakhstan, tin-Dan; Shen new contact line) 6, Arong Banner - Jining (Arong Banner - Wulanhaote - Lubei - Jining connecting Sui-Man; Wu Hui-; Dan-tin; Two wide Rafah Beijing, Beijing Wu high speed; New Lu contact line) 7, sunshine - Lankao (sunshine - Qufu - Jining - Heze - Because the connecting Shenyang, long deep, the Beijing-Shanghai, Beijing-Taiwan, Guang Ji, a broad, high-speed even Huo) 8, Xinxiang - Jincheng (Xinxiang - Jiaozuo - Jincheng connecting Beijing Hong Kong and Macao, the two-high-speed) 9, Huaian - Xuzhou (Huaian - Suqian - Xuzhou, deep-linking, the Beijing-Shanghai high speed; Beijing-Taiwan, and even high-speed Huo) 10, Nantong - Taizhou (Nantong - Suzhou - Jiaxing - Taizhou, linking Shenyang sea, Dow high speed; The Beijing-Shanghai, Shanghai - Chengdu; Shanghai and Chongqing high speed; Shanghai high-speed Queensland; Contact Line and the Ningbo Hangzhou Bay Link) 11, Ningbo - Jinhua (high-speed connections Shen sea; Long deep Hang Swiss high speed; Nantai Contact Line and the Hangzhou Bay Link) 12, Wenzhou - Lishui (connecting Shenyang sea, long Shenzhen Expressway) 13, Ningde - Shangrao (connecting Shenyang sea, long deep Beijing-Taiwan, Switzerland-Hangzhou) 14, Lung South - Heyuan (big wide high-speed connections; Shantou High-speed Queensland; Long deep, high-Ji) 15, Changsha - Zhangjiajie (Changsha - Changde - Zhangjiajie, connecting Beijing-Hong Kong and Macao; 2-Shanghai high-speed Queensland) 16, Kunming - Mohan (Kunming - Yuxi - Jinghong - copper connecting Jing Kun, Queensland Shanghai, Hangzhou Switzerland, Yu-kun, San Queensland, Queensland-wide to Bangkok, Thailand) 17, Fangchenggang (Lanhai high-speed connectivity, Fangchenggang to the Sino-Vietnamese border)

英语complex undertaking意思为复杂的事业。

关键词汇：complex

音标：英[ˈkɒmpleks]    美[kəmˈpleks , ˈkɑːmpleks]

详细释义：

adj.    复杂的; 难懂的; 费解的; 复合的(指词根加有词缀或主句含有从句);

n.    (类型相似的)建筑群; 相关联的一组事物; 不正常的精神状态; 情结; （对某事）不正常的忧虑;

短语搭配：

例句：

complex undertaking翻译为：复杂的任务

关键词undertaking解析：

音标；英 [ˌʌndə'teɪkɪŋ]   美 [ˌʌndər'teɪkɪŋ]

意思：n. 任务；事业；企业；保证；许诺

短语：

例句：

The network is more stuck。

network

英 [ˈnetwɜːk]   美 [ˈnetwɜːrk]

n.网络;网状系统;关系网;人际网;相互关系(或配合)的系统;(互联)网络。

v.将…连接成网络;联播;建立工作关系。

Huge sections of the rail network are out of action.

铁路网的很多区段停运。

词汇搭配：

communications network 交通网

radio network 广播网

road network 公路网

television network 电视网

intelligence network 情报网

扩展资料：

stuck的近义词：

1、jammed

英 [dʒæmd]   美 [dʒæmd]

adj.动弹不得;卡住了;挤满的;塞满的;拥挤不堪的。

v.使劲(往某处)挤(或压、塞);(使)卡住，不能动弹，不能运转;塞入;塞进;挤进。

Cracks appeared in the wall and a door jammed shut

墙上出现了裂缝，一扇门卡住打不开了。

2、trapped

英 [træpt]   美 [træpt]

adj.受困的;受限制的。

v.使落入险境;使陷入困境;卡住;夹住;绊住;缠住;收集;吸收。

The stream has frozen up; you can see the fish trapped in the ice.

小河冻起来了，你可以看见冻在冰里的鱼。

The internet is kind of slow.

Asian Highway NetworkFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, search Map of the highways Asian Highway 2 sign near Ratchaburi, ThailandThe Asian Highway (AH) project, also known as the Great Asian Highway, is a cooperative project among countries in Asia and Europe and the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), to improve the highway systems in Asia. It is one of the three pillars of Asian Land Transport Infrastructure Development (ALTID) project, endorsed by the ESCAP commission at its forty-eighth session in 1992, comprising Asian Highway, Trans-Asian Railway (TAR) and facilitation of land transport projects.Agreements have been signed by 32 countries to allow the highway to cross the continent and also reach to Europe. Some of the countries taking part in the highway project are India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, China, Japan, South Korea and Bangladesh.[1] A significant part of the funding comes from the larger, more advanced nations as well as international agencies such as the Asian Development Bank. The project is scheduled for completion in 2010.[1]The project aims to make maximum use of the continent's existing highways to avoid the construction of newer ones, except in cases where missing routes necessitate their construction. Project Monitor, an Asian infrastructure news website, has commented that the:"early beneficiaries of the Asian Highway project are the planners within the national land transport department of the participating countries [since] it assists them in planning the most cost-effective and efficient routes to promote domestic and international trade. Non-coastal areas.... are the other beneficiaries."[1] However, in the mid-2000s some transportation experts were sceptical about the viability of the project given the economic and political climate in both South and South-East Asia.[1]Contents [hide]1 History 2 Implications 3 Regional perceptions of the project 4 Highway 3 (North-South Corridor) issues 4.1 Highway 3 (North-South Corridor) missing link 4.2 Highway 3 (North-South Corridor) development issues 5 Routes 6 Numbering and Signage 7 Route log 8 Distance by country 9 References 10 See also 11 External links [edit] HistoryThe AH project was initiated by the United Nations in 1959 with the aim of promoting the development of international road transport in the region. During the first phase of the project (1960-1970) considerable progress was achieved, however, progress slowed down when financial assistance was suspended in 1975.ESCAP has conducted several projects in cooperation with AH member countries step by step after the endorsement of ALTID in 1992.The Intergovernmental Agreement on the Asian Highway Network (IGA) was adopted on November 18, 2003, by the Intergovernmental Meeting; the IGA includes Annex I, which identifies 55 AH routes among 32 member countries totalling approximately 87,500 miles (140,000 km), and Annex II "Classification and Design Standards". During the 60th session of the ESCAP Commission at Shanghai, China, in April 2004, the IGA treaty was signed by 23 countries. By 2007, 28 countries were signatories, which subsequently rose to 32 countries in 2008.[1][edit] ImplicationsIndia is hopeful that the mega project will continue to bring it and Pakistan closer, as a furtherance of the earlier resumption of bus and train services between the two countries after decades of hostilities.[1]The advanced highway network would provide for greater trade and social interactions between Asian countries, including personal contacts, project capitalizations, connections of major container terminals with transportation points, and promotion of tourism via the new roadways.[1]However rights groups in Southeast Asia monitoring the North-South Corridor segment were concerned with the remote area's rapid development resulting in significant increases to exposure of HIV/AIDS, human trafficking and the possibile exploitation of the surrounding forests and wildlife resources.[2][edit] Regional perceptions of the projectAccording to Om Prakash, an advisor with in New Delhi: "It's an excellent step taken by ESCAP to gather all the Asian countries under one crown but the problem with this project is political disputes between some countries, notably Pakistan and Myanmar, which is delaying the project".[1]India views the project favourably since it would increase trade with its neighbours, especially Pakistan and Myanmar.[1]Sanjoy Hazarika of the Centre for North East Studies and Policy Research commented: ""The [2003] agreement between Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka and Thailand needs to be considered by India as an international link for trade, while retaining the presently designated AH route through Tambli, Bangladesh, and Imphal, India." As well, he also stated: "Given its extensive geographical coverage and the recent move to integrate it with other means of transportation, the Asian Highway project requires collective effort and close collaboration among the Asian countries."[1][edit] Highway 3 (North-South Corridor) issuesBy mid-2008 the North-South Corridor segment of the Asian Highway, AH-3, was nearly fully paved, with only the a few kilometers incomplete.[2]The North-South Corridor Project of has been part of the Asian Development Bank's (ADB) agenda since 1993 and aimed to improved the connected economies of China, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Thailand and Cambodia. The portion of the North-South Corridor known as Highway 3, which runs through northwestern Laos and connects China and Thailand, was expected to cost US$95.8 million and was being financed with a loan from the ADB, along with funds from the Chinese, Thai and Lao governments.[2]The completed sections of the road have gone from being little more than dirt roads a few years ago to two-lane routes with concrete shoulders, drainage and concrete bridges. The journey from the Lao border town of Huai Xai to the southwestern Chinese border village of Boten situated in southwestern Yunnan province took as long as two days on the old mostly dirt road depending on weather conditions. The new roadway shortened that trip to five to six hours.[2]The route was expected to be completed in 2007, but damage to the road from floods during the 2006 rainy season pushed the completion date into 2008. While the road was now made passable all year, there are still sections, some of several kilometers in length, which remained unfinished as of 2008.[2][edit] Highway 3 (North-South Corridor) missing linkConstruction of the Thai-built portion of the road lagged behind that of the Chinese section, but some observers contend that was because the Thai section was "much better constructed". They indicated that the Chinese side was built faster because of engineering shortcuts which may make that section of the road less durable.[2]The most significant problem with the corridor was the lack of progress on a bridge to be built across the Mekong River connecting the Thai town of Chiang Khong, with its cross-border neighbour of Huay Xai in Laos. The Chinese and Thai governments earlier agreed to build the bridge and share the estimated $33USD million dollar cost of the project.[2]The Thai cabinet approved the project in February 2007 with an expected completion date in 2011, but many remain skeptical that the schedule will be met since successive Thai governments since the late 1980s have similarly promised to undertake the project.[2]Thai border disputes with Laos, the 1997-98 Asian financial crisis, political indifference in Bangkok and a general reluctance on the part of Thais have kept the project on the political 'back burner'. China meanwhile is anxious to develop its land-locked Yunnan province through the creation of trade links with Southeast Asia, including access to Thailand's sea ports. While Thailand may benefit broadly from a new road link with China, others feared a flood of inexpensive Chinese products will impoverish northern Thais.[2]Some of those fears came to pass with the early implementation of some provisions with the Chinese-Thai free trade agreement, which resulted in a flood of inexpensive Chinese agriculture products. As of 2008, the last incomplete link to Laos represented a significant barrier to efficient trade between the two countries and some commented that was the reason for Thai procrastination on the bridge's completion. Bangkok might also have been using the bridge as a bargaining chip for trade negotiations with Beijing, since the Chinese appeared to increasingly value the route's completion.[2]Until the bridge's completion, the portion of the AH-3 North-South Corridor remains both incomplete and inefficient. As of 2008, Chinese goods destined for Thailand had to be ferried across the Mekong River between Chiang Khong and Huay Xai and many shippers have expressed their concerns that the ferry costs and Lao customs duties were too expensive, and traders also complained about the lengthy time required for Lao customs procedures and inspections.[2]Although Laos was pressured to eliminate transit taxes, the cash-short government remained hesitant, in part because China and Thailand were seen to benefit disproportionately from the completed roadway. Currently almost all China-Thailand trade is conducted by shipping up and down the Mekong River, with goods taking from 10 to 15 days to reach their destination.[2]As of 2008 the water route were suffering from frequent problems of inadequate levels to keep large cargo barges afloat, a situation which is likely to occur more frequently when more of China's planned dams on the river's upper reaches become functional in the future. The economic benefits of the roadway to Laos, meanwhile, are still undetermined.[2][edit] Highway 3 (North-South Corridor) development issuesWhile the AH-3 highway was expected to increase business and trade through increased market access to both China and Thailand, including the country's agribusiness and tourism sectors, the Lao government appeared more open to increasing state revenues through the collection of transit fees and taxes on goods that arrived at its borders. It was also under pressure from the Association of Southeast Asian Nations to embed new costs into the already low intra-regional trade.[2]According to people involved in the tourism industry in northwestern Laos, while Western tourists were arriving in increasing numbers, tourists from neighbouring Thailand and China often only pass through Laos on their way to Boten on the Chinese border, where there's a large casino and market. [2]In addition to reaping less economic benefits, Laos will also likely have to deal with disproportionate social and environmental costs, people monitoring the project say. Without proper control mechanisms in place, the region's opening would disproportionately benefit government-connected business groups while displacing large numbers of the non-ethnic Lao groups currently living in the area.[2]A 2002 ADB report estimated that approximately 2,500 people (500 households) might have to be relocated due to the road project; some monitoring groups put the real number much higher. Although resettlement plans were drafted by the ADB to compensate for the loss of houses, land, rice granaries and shops, it was not clear that the funds were truly reaching the people most affected.[2]Among the issues involved was the resettlement of the original Lao inhabitants of Boten village near the Chinese border, who were moved a kilometer or more down the road to allow the construction of a new Chinese-owned casino, hotel and other commercial developments. The resettled Botens complained that their new site lacked services, and that the land set aside for them was smaller and less fertile than their original land.[2] As well, others complained about rampant land grabs adjacent to the new road by government-connected traders and businessmen who established shops and other businesses on the new prime real estate. A lack of formal land deeds or proper court systems meant there was little justice available to the displaced residents.[2]The legal vacuum also allowed an increasing flow of Chinese migrants, many of whom first arrived to work on the road and who then stayed on to establish businesses along the road, including whole new villages, which further aggravated those previously resettled to less fertile land.[2]Rights groups were also concerned with the remote area's rapid development resulting in increases to exposure of HIV/AIDS, human trafficking and the possibile exploitation of the surrounding forests and wildlife resources.[2]While the ADB's original hopes that the route would reduce transportation costs for the movement of vehicles, goods and people, and also promote faster economic growth, as the 7,300 Km North-South Corridor neared completion in 2008 the real costs and benefits of the project for the local populations of Southeast Asia were still in doubt.[2][1][edit] RoutesRoute AH1 is proposed to extend from Tokyo to the border with Bulgaria west of Istanbul and Edirne, passing through both Koreas, China and other countries in Southeast, Central and South Asia. The corridor is expected to improve trade links between East Asian countries, India and Russia. To complete the route, existing roads will be upgraded and new roads constructed to link the network. US$ 25 billion has been spent or committed as of 2007, with additional US$ 18 billion needed for upgrades and improvements to 26,000 km of highway.[3]AH83, 107.5 miles (172 km); Kazakh, Azerbaijan (on AH5) to Yerevan, Armenia (on AH81/AH82) AH84, 742.5 miles (1,188 km); Dogubayazit, Turkey (on AH1) to İçel, Turkey AH85, 211 miles (338 km); Refahiye, Turkey (on AH1) to Merzifon, Turkey (on AH5) AH86, 154 miles (247 km); Askale, Turkey (on AH1) to Trabzon, Turkey (on AH5) AH87, 378.75 miles (606 km); Ankara, Turkey (on AH1) to İzmir, Turkey [edit] Distance by countryThe planned network runs a total of 87799 miles (140,479 km).Afghanistan, (4,247 km) Armenia, (958 km) Azerbaijan, 901.25 miles (1,442 km) Bangladesh, 1127.5 miles (1,804 km) Bhutan .625 miles (1 km) Cambodia, 837 miles (1,339 km) China, 15,978 miles (25,579 km) Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea), 825 miles (1,320 km) Georgia, 721.25 miles (1,154 km) India, 7145 miles (11,432 km) Indonesia, 2493 miles (3,989 km) Islamic Republic of Iran, 6970 miles (11,152 km) Japan, 750 miles (1,200 km) Kazakhstan, (13,189 km) Kyrgyzstan, 1059 miles (1,695 km) Lao PDR, 1436 miles (2,297 km) Malaysia, 997 miles (1,595 km) Mongolia, 2678.75 miles (4,286 km) Myanmar, 1877 miles (3,003 km) Nepal, 826.6 miles (1,321 km) Pakistan, 3360.6 miles (5,377 km) Philippines, 2198.1 miles (3,517 km) Republic of Korea, 566.9 miles (907 km) Russian Federation, 10543.1 miles (16,869 km) Singapore, 11.9 miles (19 km) Sri Lanka, 406.25 miles (650 km) Tajikistan, 1203.1 miles (1,925 km[edit] References^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Kamat, Rahul The Great Asian Highway, Project Monitor website, 31 January 2005. Retrieved 2009-05-05 ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w McCartan, Brian Roadblocks on the Great Asian Highway, Asia Times website, 23 January 2008. Retrieved 2009-05-05; ^ "Priority Investment Needs for the Development for the Asian Highway Network", accessed July 14, 2007 ^ a b c d e Newswire, Tourism Commission of the International Geographical Union website. Retrieved 2009-05-05;