英语猜词题技巧

八、语境线索或上下文 即利用语境来推测生词含义的方法。这是我们用来推测词义的主要方法之一。 例一：The days of elderly women doing nothing but cooking huge meals on holidays are gone. Enter the Red Hat Society—a group holding the belief that old ladies should have fun. “My grandmothers did not do anything, but keep house and serve everybody, they were programmed to do that,” said Emily Cornette, head of a chapter of the 7-year-old Red Hat Society. 根据上下文我们可以很容易得出chapter的词义为这个组织the Red Hat Society的一个分支。 例二：As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency ( 一贯性 )is very important teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality ( 道德 ). Also, parents should realize that “example is better than precept”. If they are not sincere and don’t practice what they preach ( teach ), their children may grow confused, and emotionally insecure ( 不稳定 )when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled. 根据上下文我们可知precept的词义为“说教”。 例三：Here are some simple ways to beat the stress often caused by our inventions! Don’t be available all the time. Turn off your mobile phone at certain times of the day. Don’t check your e-mail every day. Don’t reply to somebody as soon as they leave a text message just because you can. It may be fun at first, but it soon gets annoying. 根据语境我们知道available的词义为“可与之交谈的”或“有空的”。 例四：We found that bar at last. I didn’t have to ask again, for there it was in big letters over the window—Star Bar. There were some iron tables outside with plastic chairs around them. A few people sat listlessly around, looking at a portable television set that someone had brought out of the bar. They were all in thin summer dresses or short sleeved-shirts; even at that late hour it was stifling. Two thin dogs lay under one of the tables with their tongues out, and some of the women were fanning themselves unenthusiastically (无精打采的) with magazines. 根据语境我们猜出stifling的词义为“极热的”。 九、标点符号的暗示 例一：The days of elderly women doing nothing but cooking huge meals on holidays are gone. Enter the Red Hat Society—a group holding the belief that old ladies should have fun. 破折号后面的部分对the Red Hat Society作了解释，是“一个认为老年人应该有自己乐趣的团体”。 例二：The largest player—Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental Center offers a wide variety of choices—deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches. Santana sedans are the big favorite. 第二个破折号后面的deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches应该指的是汽车的品牌或种类。 十、同义词的替代关系 例句：Although he often had the opportunity, Mr. Tritt was never able to steal money from a customer. This would have endangered his position at the bank, and he didn’t want to jeopardize his future. 为避免重复使用endanger一词， 用同义词jeopardize来替代它, 我们推知jeopardize词义为“使陷入危险，危及，危害”。 十一、利用主系表结构来猜词 主系表结构的句子有两种功能：一是说明主语的形状和特征;二是主语和表语是同位关系。 例一：To malign is to slander an innocent person. 表语意为“诽谤无辜的人”， 那样主语就是“中伤，诽谤”的意思。 例二：Insomnia is the inability of falling asleep or sleeping restlessly. 表语意为“睡不着”，主语Insomnia无疑就是“失眠”了。 十二、生活常识 根据日常生活中的常识和相关的背景知识，大胆想象，合理发挥，推测出生词的含义。 例一：Warm-blooded desert animals, such as rats and mice, rest during the day, often staying in cool underground burrows. 根据常识我们知道鼠类一般藏在洞里，因此生词burrows的意思为“地洞，洞穴”。 例二：The snake slithered through the grass. 根据有关蛇的生活习性的知识，我们可以推测出slithered的词义为“爬行”。 十三、构词法 英语词汇的构词法主要有三种：派生，合成，转化构词。 我们主要利用派生构词来推断生词的含义。 词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根的前面或后面加上词缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。一般来说，前缀改变词根的意思;后缀改变词性。 常见的前缀有：super- 超…… mini- 小型的…… re- 再，又…… post- 后 pre- 前 fore- 前 under- 下 后缀有： -ment 名词的后缀 -less 不，无 -proof 防……的 例句：Remember that people on line may not be who they seem. Because you can’t see or even hear the person, it would be easy for someone to misrepresent himself/herself. Thus someone says “She is a 12-year-old girl ”could really be an old man. 根据语境和misrepresent的构词方式， 前缀mis-的意思是“误，错-的”，词根represent的意思是“表达，展示”之意, 合在一起我们知道misrepresent的词义为“误述，歪曲”。 十四、文中代词指代的推测 高考题年年考查对文中代词实际指代的对象。一般来说它实际指代的对象在含有代词的句子前半部分或前一句话。我们把它叫做“前指”。 例一：Demands for pigeon-delivered money stopped at noon as the press rported the story. And even if they start again, Chen holds little hope of catching the criminal.”We have more important things to do,” he said. 根据我们上面讲到的，they应该指上一句中的Demands for pigeon-delivered money。 例二：The book contained a large number of clues to help readers find the hare, but Williams put in a lot of “red herrings”, or false clues, to mislead them. 根据语境them.指代上文的readers。 虽然掌握一些猜词技巧能帮助我们猜测词义，但是我们不能只依靠这些。最重要的还是掌握全篇文。

英语阅读中的猜词技巧

在英语阅读中，我们自然会遇到许多生词。下面是我分享的英语阅读中的猜词技巧，欢迎大家阅读！

一、针对性解释

针对性解释是作者为了更好地表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等所作的解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性，利用它们猜词义比较容易。

1.根据定义猜测词义

如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。例如：

Anthropology is the scientific study of man.

由定义可知，anthropology就是“研究人类的科学”。

In slang the term “jam” constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation.

同样，从上下文的定义可知jam一词在俚语中的意思是“困境”。

定义句的谓语动词多为：be，mean，deal with，be considered，to be，refer to，be called，be known as，define，represent，signify，constitute等。

2.根据复述猜测词义

虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是提供的`信息足以使阅读者猜出生词词义。复述部分可以是适当词、短语或是从句。

同位语，例如：

Semantics，the study of the meaning of words，is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.

此例逗号中短语意为“对词意义进行研究的学科”。该短语与前面生词semantics是同位关系，因此我们不难猜出semantics指“语义学”。

在复述中构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号、引号和括号等。

二、内在逻辑关系

根据内在逻辑关系推测词义是指运用语言知识分析和判断相关信息之间存在的逻辑关系，然后根据逻辑关系推断生词词义或大致义域。

1.根据对比关系猜测词义

在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词或难词的反义词猜测其词义。例如：

Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know.His brother，in contrast，is quite humble and modest.

该例中supercilious对许多人来说可能是个生词，但是句中短语in contrast（相对照的，相对比的）提示我们supercilious和后面词组humble and modest（谦卑又谦虚）是对比关系。分析出这种关系后，我们便能猜出supercilious意为“目空一切的，傲慢的”。

2.根据比较关系猜测词义

同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意义上的相似关系，例如：

Green loves to talk，and his brothers are similarly loquacious.

该句中副词similarly表明短语loves to talk与生词loquacious之间的比较关系，以此可以推断出loquacious词义为“健谈的”。

表示比较关系的词和短语主要是similarly，like，just as，also等。

3.根据因果关系猜测词义

在句子或段落中，若两个事物、现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推知生词词义。例如：

Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others.

根据原因状语从句的内容，我们可以推断出生词autocratic指“独断专行的”。

There were so many demonstrort in the Red Square that he had to elbow his way through the crowd.

此句为结果状语从句，根据从句的描述“许多者”，我们便可推知elbow的词义为“挤、挤过”。

三、外部相关因素

外部相关因素是指篇章（句子或段落）以外的其他知识。有时仅靠分析篇章内在逻辑关系无法猜出词义。这时，就需要运用生活经验和普通常识确定词义。例如：

Husband ：It’s really cold out tonight.

Wife：Sure it is.My hands are practically numb.How about lighting the furnace?

根据生活经验，天气寒冷时，手肯定是“冻僵的，冻得麻木的”。

The snake slithered through the grass.

根据有关蛇的生活习性的知识，我们可以推断出slither词义为“爬行”。

综上所述，利用各种已知信息推测、判断词义是一项重要的阅读技巧。在实践中，我们可以灵活运用上面提到的几种猜测技巧，排除生词的障碍，顺利理解文章想内容，提高阅读速度和阅读的准确性。