—Do you see those people on the little sandy island?
—Yes, they _______ handkerchiefs for the last half hour. I wonder why.
A. were waving B. waved C. had waved D. have been waving
【正确答案】D
【高考考点】考查动词时态。现在完成进行时:表示一个从过去某一时刻开始的动作,一直延续到说话时还在进行或刚结束,句中常出现用for, since, how long等引导的时间状语。e.g. His telephone has been ringing for a long time.e.g. It has been raining since last Sunday. e.g. How long have you been wearing glasses?
C. had waved——过去完成时:过去某一时刻或某一动作前完成的动作或状态,那么它所表达的时候是在过去的过去,例如:e.g. By the end of last year, we had built 5 new schools.到去年年底为止,我们已经建造了5所学校。首先,过去的时间是去年年底;而句子表达的意思是在去年年底之前,所以我们用过去完成时——had build.和现在是更加没有联系了,所以这个答案也是不正确的。
题干中的时间状语是“for the last half hour”,注意这个last不是指“最后的”,而是指“刚才的——在刚才的半个小时里”,那么往往呢句中出现last,或者是last half hour、recent这种词的话,我们一般都会选择现在完成进行时,因为它指的是“刚才”,那么肯定指“从刚才到现在”。所以本题答案是D.
2. 名词性从句
The information could be helpful to ____will take over the job.
【详细解析】A选项是those,如果those填在这里的话就会变成缺少关系代词who,如选those,那those will take over the job“那些人将会取代这个工作”,它就变成了一个独立的句子,而不是一个从句,更加就不是一个宾语从句了,所以从原则上说它是错误的,那么怎样改才是正确的呢?很简单,只要在这个those的后面加一个关系代词who,把它变成一个定语从句——those who will take over the job,“那些将要接管这个工作的人”,那么这样就可以了。
B选项是who在名词性从句中表示疑问,e.g. Who will take over the job has not been decided yet. D选项是anyone,错误的原因也是缺少关系代词who.
第一,must be表示的是“现在的状态”,He must be a teacher. 他肯定是一个老师。
第二,must be doing表示“现在进行的动作”,They must be having a meeting in the office.他们现在肯定正在办公室里开会。
第三,must have done表示“过去发生的事情”,You must have met him yesterday.你昨天肯定见过他了。让我们看一下将“must have been”填到题干里面是否正确?句意:“David,我们周末去了日内瓦湖。”“哦,那肯定是一个非常好的改变,我希望我也去那里了。”这里是表示一个肯定的推测;又因为是上个周末的事情,说明这件事情已经发生了,我们所以用B. must have been,而不是A。
【详细解析】C选项是could轻微的怀疑或委婉的陈述看法,“可能”e.g. His story could be true, but I hardly think it is.他所说的这个故事可能是真的,但是我基本上不相信。
D选项是could have done虚拟语气,某事过去有可能发生而实际没有,“本来可以”,表示惋惜、遗憾e.g. The accident could have been prevented.这个车祸原本是可以避免的。e.g. You could have done better, but you didn't try your best.你原本是可以做的更好的,但是你并没有尽自己最大的努力。
4. 代词
Knowledge begins to increase as soon as one individual communicates his ideas to _______ by means of speech.
A. other B. another C. the other D. an other
【正确答案】B
【高考考点】考查代词
【详细解析】other用作代词时,意为“另一个”、“别人”,不单独使用:the other, others, the others.
1. the other ① 两者中的另一个,与one连用(就两者),one hand / the other hand ② 用作定语 + [pl.],另一方中的“全部其余的” I like this book, and I like the other books too. 我喜欢这本书,我也喜欢其他所有的书。
2. others是other的.[pl.],泛指“别的人或物”(但不含全部) 。e.g. Some are carrying water; others are watering the trees. 一些人在提水,另外一些人在浇树。(others指的“其他人”不是剩下的全部,而是“一部分”)
3. the others是the other的复数形式,特指“全部其余的人或物”。e.g. I have ten pencils. Two of them are red, and the others are blue.我有10支铅笔,其中的两支是红色的,其余的(8只)是蓝色的。
4. another用作代词时,常与one组合构成one …another,“另一个人”、“另一回事”,指同一组内的两个个体。e.g. One person may like fishing, while another may prefer hunting.一个人可能是喜欢钓鱼,而另一个可能喜欢打猎。(世界上不可能有2个人,所以它指的是没有一个特指的,“其他一个人”)
Almost every one of the graduates wants to deliver the keynote speech at the graduation ceremony. For the speaker, _______is an honour.
A. invited B. being invited C. be invited D. inviting
【正确答案】B
【高考考点】考查非谓语
【详细解析】遇到动词要考虑四点:① 先判断是谓语还是非谓语;② 主语;③ 主语和非谓语动词的主/被动关系;④ 非谓语动词与谓语动词的时间关系e.g. Being exposedto the sun for too much time will do harm to one's skin.在太阳下暴露太久对皮肤有害。 e.g. The girl's being educated in a good environment is what her parents have expected.这个女孩在一个良好的环境中受到教育是她父母所期望的。