①Which of the following is true/NOT true in the passage?
②Which of the following statements is NOT discussed/mentioned in the passage?
③Which is the right order of the events given in the passage?
④All the following statements are NOT true excep. 细节题的破解一般采用寻读法,即先看试题,再读文章。对有关信息进行快速定位,再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比,有根有据地排除干扰项,选出正确答案。此法加强了阅读的针对性,提高了做题的准确率,节省了宝贵的时间。寻读法还特别适用于对图形表格类题材的理解。做此类型的题目还要特别注意句子的逻辑关系。英语中有许多功能词,如:表因果关系的because, since, as等;表转折关系的but, however ,on the contrary, on the other hand等等。
The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.通过理解定语从句的意思,能猜出herdsman是“牧人”。
2)根据对比关系猜测生词的词义 在but,however,yet,otherwise,though这些表示意义转折的连词出现的句子中,其前后的词有明显对比关系,根据已知的内容,通过这种对比关系,就很容易猜出生词的词义了。例如: Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. 和clean意思相对的便是“肮脏的”了,因此可猜出句中grubby的意思是“肮脏的”。
3)通过因果关系猜测词义 because, since与as是连接原因状语从句的从属连词,so是连接表示结果的状语从句的连词,so……that与such……that中的that是连接结果状语从句的。当这些信息词出现在有生词的句子中,通过因果关系,依据已知部分就能猜出生词的词义。例如:She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. 根据because从句所讲的意思,我们就可推测trim就是“修剪”之意。
4)根据生活常识猜测词义
3 运用逻辑推理能力,自身的生活经验及生活常识。再联系上下文能读懂的部分,可以正确猜出词义。例如:Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold. 根据句子意思及生活经验,wither表示“枯萎”。
5)根据同等关系猜测词义 同等关系,指的是一个词,一组词或短语在句中作同一成分,而且它们的词义都属于同一范畴。明显的标志是,这样的词组或短语中间常常用并列连词and或or来连接。例如: At forty-two he was in his prime and always full of energy. 从“年龄42岁”以及与prime具有同等关系的full of energy可以猜出prime的意思是“盛年时期”。
6)根据列举的事例猜测词义 You can take any of the periodicals: "The World of English". "Foreign Language Teaching in Schools", or "English Learning". 从后面列举的例子中,可以猜出periodical是“期刊,杂志”的意思。
如: Once there was something wrong with a machine in a factory. The workers could do nothing but turn to a German engineer for help, who drew a line on it and said, “Take off the part where the line is and change it for a new one. ”The machine, with a new line on, began running well again. The engineer then asked for $ 30,000 for what he had done. The following were what he wrote on a bill, “The new part only costs one dollar, and knowing where the problem with the machine is costs $ 29,999.”