基础写作考试题

￥5百度文库VIP限时优惠 现在开通,立享6亿+VIP内容立即获取最新国家开放大学电大《基础写作》期末题库及答案最新国家开放大学电大《基础写作》期末题库及答案考试说明：本人针对该科精心汇总了历年题库及答案，形成一个完整的题库，并且每年都在更新。该题库对考生的复习、作业和考试起着非常重要的作用，会给您节省大量的时间。做考题时，利用本文档中的查找工具，把考题中的关键字输到查找工具的查找内容框内，就可迅速查找到该题答案。本文库还有其他网核及教学考一体化答案，敬请查看。第 1 页《基础写作》题库及答案一一、名词解释（每小题3分，共12分）1．言之有物2．言之有序3．文采4．场面描写二、简答题（每小题6分，共18分）5．从写作的一般属性来看，写作第 2 页主要特征表现在哪几个方面？6．简述写作过程中对典型材料进行选择的要求。7．简述散文文体的基本特征。三、分析论述（20分）8．分析并论述新闻写作、理论文章写作、实用文体写作在材料选择中的主要不同之处。四、写作（50分） 9．读下面一段文字，根据要求作文。第 3 页 “人要每天去开拓生活与自由，然后才能做生活与自由的享受。”——歌德 “人就是不断地进行创造性的工作，工作是使人得到快乐的最好办法。”——康德 “人最要紧的是耕种我们自己的园地。”——伏尔泰 请就以上材料，结合自己的体会，谈谈人生的意义和价值，写一篇文章。 写作要求：第 4 页 (1)自选角度，文体不限，题目自拟； (2)文体特征突出，表达方式恰切；中心明确，内容充实，选材合理；结构完整，语言流畅；书写规范，文面整洁； (3)．不少于1000字。试题答案及评分标准一、名词解释（每小题3分，共12第 5 页分） 1．言之有物 所谓“言之有物”，就是要求写作成果含有丰富而具体的思想内容，能够反映出写作者对自然界、人类社会或人自身的某种独特体验或认识。 2．言之有序 所谓“言之有序”，就是要求文本的结构安排能够符合语言表达的线性特征所体现的本质要求，是文本第 6 页思想内容的表现过程具有严密而又灵活的线性表达秩序，其目的在于使阅读者能够循此而实现与作者的精神交流。 3．文采 文采是文本语言表达形式所显示出来的一种审美特征。从语言表达的媒介手段而言，文采表现为声韵美和词藻美；从语言表达与思维内容表里相融而言，文采表现为感性美与理性美；从语言表达的风格特色而言，文采表现为朴素美和华丽美。第 7 页 4．场面描写 所谓“场面描写”，使将人物描写与景物描写相结合的一种综合性描写。它是对特定时间和地点中人物的特定活动的一种总体性描写，要求把环境因素与人物活动具体结合起来，写景与写人达到有机融合。二、筒答题（每小题6分，共18分） 5．从写作的一般属性来看，写作主要特征表现在哪几个方面？ (1)写作的个体性特征；第 8 页 (2)写作的实践性特征； (3)写作的创造性特征。 每个要点各2分。 6．简述写作过程中对典型材料进行选择的要求。 (1)材料要具有代表性； (2)材料要最有精神启迪效果； (3)材料要具有可读性。 每个要点各2分。 7．简述散文文体的基本特征。第 9 页 (1)选材自由，题材广阔； (2)手法灵活，形式多边； (3)结构独特，形散神聚； (4)文笔优美，个性鲜明。 每个要点2分，答到三个要点即可得6分。三、分析论述（20分） 8．分析并论述新闻写作、理论文章写作、实用文体写作在材料选择中的主要不同之处。第 10 页 （一）在新闻写作中，除了特别强调材料的真实性之外，还特别强调材料的时效性； （二）在理论文章的写作中，除了特别强调材料的真实性、典型性之外，还特别强调材料的真理性和权威性； （三）在实用写作中，材料的选用则要特别讲究实用性和针对性。 每个要点4分，文字阐述8分。 （答题要点仅供参考，评分不必第 11 页拘泥本参考答案，只要学生回答合理，论述正确，即可酌情给分。）四、写作（50分） 9．读下面一段文字，根据要求作文。 “人要每天去开拓生活与自由，然后才能做生活与自由的享受。”——歌德 “人就是不断地进行创造性的工作，工作是使人得到快乐的最好办法。”——康德第 12 页 “人最要紧的是耕种我们自己的园地。”——伏尔泰 请就以上材料，结合自己的体会，谈谈人生的意义和价值，写一篇文章。 写作要求： (1)自选角度，文体不限，题目自拟； (2)文体特征突出，表达方式恰切；中心明确，内容充实，选材合理；结构完整，语言流畅；书写规范，文面整洁；第 13 页 (3)不少于1000字。评分标准 46-50分达到试题所提出的各项要求。 41-45分文体特征突出，表达方式恰切；中心明确，内容充实，选材合理；结构完整，语言流畅；书写规范，文面整洁；其中有一项未达到要求。 30-40分文体特征较为突出，表达方式较为恰切；内容充实，选材合理；结构完整，语句通顺；书写规范，文面整洁。 16-29分基本具备文体特征，内容较为具体，结构较为完整，语句较为通顺，偶有病句和错别字。 15分以下文不对题，文体特征模糊，内容空洞，结构混乱，语病和错别字较多，文面不够整洁；字数不够。第 14 页《基础写作》题库及答案二一、名词解释（每小题3分，共12分）1．文有大法，无定法2．言之有物3．表达方式4．小说二、简答题（每小题6分．共18分）5．思想提炼耍达到真实、深刻、第 15 页新颖的程度可以从若干方面努力。请简要阐述。6．简述结构安排的基本原则。7．简述描写的三种表现类型。三、分析论述（20分）8．分析并论述书面语言表达的基本特征。四、写作（50分） 9．读下面一段文字，根据要求作文。第 16 页 自古以来，一年四季，随着季节的变化，一朵朵芬芳娇艳的花朵绽放、凋落。植物总是为能开出鲜艳的花朵而努力生长……一个个盛开的理由，诉说着一个个艰辛、漂亮的故事。 请就以上材料，以“每朵花都有盛开的理由”为话题，写一篇文章。 写作要求： (1)自选角度，文体不限，题目自拟；第 17 页 (2)文体特征突出，表达方式恰切；中心明确，内容充实，选材合理；结构完整，语言流畅；书写规范，文面整洁； (3)不少于1000字。试题答案及评分标准一、名词解释（每小题3分，共12分） 1．文有大法，无定法第 18 页 所谓有大法，指的是人们通过写作能够实现彼此精神交流的通用性因素和手段；无定法，则是指在遵循基本原则的前提下，写作者根据社会生活的发展变化以及自身的个性特征而灵活运用。 2．言之有物 所谓言之有物，就是要求写作成果含有丰富而具体的思想内容，能够反映出写作者对自然界、人类社会或人自身的某种独特体验或认识。从写作表达的角度来看，言之第 19 页有物之“物”，即通常所说的文本内容，包括材料和思想两方面因素。 3．表达方式 所谓表达方式，是由写作者的写作目的和文本的表现内容所要求的语言运用的具体手段和方法。一般认为表达方式由叙述、描写、说明、议论和抒情五种。在具体的写作活动中，各种表达方式之间不应当是彼此隔绝的，而是要根据具体的写作目的和表现内容有所选择地综合使用。第 20 页 4．小说 作为一种重要的审美性文体，小说以叙述、描写为主要表达方式，通过讲述完整的故事情节，描绘具体的环境，塑造人物形象来反映作者对社会生活的认识、体验和感受。二、筒答题（每小题6分，共18分） 5．思想提炼要达到真实、深刻、新颖的程度可以从若干方面努力。请简要阐述。第 21 页 (1)在尽可能全面地掌握材料的基础上提炼思想； (2)在向事物内在纵深层面的开掘中提炼思想； (3)在对多种结论的比较选择中提炼思想。 每个要点2分。 6．简述结构安排的基本原则。 (1)结构安排要符合人类思维活动规律；第 22 页 (2)结构安排要服从文本内容表现需要； (3)结构安排要具有一定的审美效果。 每个要点2分。 7．简述描写的三种表现类型。 (1)人物描写：肖像描写、行动描写、心理描写和语言描写； (2)景物描写：自然环境描写、社会环境描写；第 23 页 (3)场面描写：人物描写与景物描写相结合的综合性描写。 每个要点各2分。三、分析论述（20分） 8．分析并论述书面语言表达的基本特征。 （一）准确： (1)要注意辨析词义；(2)要注意区分词的褒贬色彩；(3)要注意掌握词语的搭配关系。 （二）畅达：第 24 页 (1)造句要合乎语法和逻辑： 1)首先应当做到句子结构完整；2)必须使词句的排列次序合理,3)句式要单一。 (2)正确地选用适当的句式： 1)陈述句；2)祈使句；3）感叹句；4）疑问句。 （三）简洁： (1)以少总多；(2)直接表达。 每个要点4分，文字阐述8分。第 25 页 （答题要点仅供参考，评分不必拘泥本参考答案，只要学生回答合理，论述正确，即可酌情给分。）四、写作（50分） 9．读下面一段文字，根据要求作文。 自古以来，一年四季，随着季节的变化，一朵朵芬芳娇艳的花朵绽放、凋落。植物总是为能开出鲜艳的花朵而努力生长……一个个盛开第 26 页的理由，诉说着一个个艰辛、漂亮的故事。 请就以上材料，以“每朵花都有盛开的理由”为话题，写一篇文章。 写作要求： (1)自选角度，文体不限，题目自拟； (2)文体特征突出，表达方式恰切；中心明确，内容充实，选材合理；结构完整，语言流畅；书写规范，文面整洁；第 27 页 (3)不少于1000字。评分标准 46-50分达到试题所提出的各项要求。 41-45分文体特征突出，表达方式恰切；中心明确，内容充实，选材合理；结构完整，语言流畅；书写规范，文面整洁；其中有一项未达到要求。 30-40分文体特征较为突出，表达方式较为恰切；内容充实，选材合理；结构完整，语句通顺；书写规范，文面整洁。 16-29分基本具备文体特征，内容较为具体，结构较为完整，语句较为通顺，偶有病句和错别字。 15分以下文不对题，文体特征模糊，内容空洞，结构混乱，语病和错别字较多，文面不够整洁；字数不够。第 28 页百度文库 搜索国开大学基础写作期末考试答案材料的意思继续阅读本文档APP内免费读全文免费读最新国家开放大学...全文APP打印导出为WORD导出为PDF发送至微信版权说明：本文档由用户提供并上传，收益归属内容提供方，若内容存在侵权，请进行举报或认领页数说明：当前展示页数为百度文库重新排版后结果，原始文档共30页相关文档2030国家开放大学电大专科《基础写作》期末试题及答案(试卷号：2412)1519阅读 行业好评免费获取全文电大《基础写作》期末题库及答案5103阅读 宝藏文档免费获取全文最新国家开放大学电大《基础写作》期末题库及答案1881阅读免费获取全文2022国家开放大学电大专科《基础写作》期末试题及答案(试卷号：2412)-1000阅读免费获取全文最新国家开放大学电大《基础写作》期末题库及答案6344阅读免费获取全文最新国家开放大学电大《基础写作》期末题库及答案2808阅读2022国家开放大学电大专科《基础写作》期末试题及答案(试卷号2412)1089阅读最新国家开放大学电大专科《基础写作》期末题库及答案1828阅读国家开放大学电大《基础写作》 期末题库及答案1000阅读查看更多为您精选最新国家开放大学电大《基础写作》期末题库及答案会员文档979篇人气好文2030国家开放大学电大专科《基础写作》期末试题及答案(试卷号：2412)2574人阅读电大《基础写作》期末题库及答案5103人阅读热门TOP最新国家开放大学电大《基础写作》期末题库及答案1881人阅读2022国家开放大学电大专科《基础写作》期末试题及答案(试卷号：2412)-2119人阅读立即开通VIP基于你的浏览为你整理资料合集国开大学基础写作期末考试答案材料的意思文件夹最新国家开放大学电大专科《基础写作》期末试题标准题库及答案(试卷号...分 1066阅读国家开放大学电大《基础写作》期末题库及答案 - 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2017年的英语自学考试写作基础试题大家有做过吗?下面是我给大家整理的2017英语自学考试写作基础试题，供大家参阅!

I.重写句子(15 points, points each)

Rewrite each of the following sentences according to the requirement in brackets.

Example: The history of English words is the history of our civilization in many ways. (periodic

sentence) 1. Queues will likely be long this summer at the airport. Families head abroad for their summer holidays. (complex sentence)

2. Although the rain clouds are gathering in the distance, they still insist on meeting in the park. (simple sentence)

3. No farmer would dare invest in anything new without being certain that the government officials stand behind it.(periodic sentence)

4. The loan model offers some unbelievably cheap loans and allows a short payback period. (compound sentence)

the hotel receptionist beat the thief severely, both the receptionist and the thief were arrested. (simple sentence)

6. Tighter restrictions on animal transports have forced farmers to consider transporting their herds by cargo plane instead of lorry as a way to comply with animal welfare requirements. (complex sentence)

7. The Great Wall is the world’s longest human-made structure, stretching over approximately 6,400 km from Shanhaiguan in the east to Jiayuguan in the west, along an arc roughly drawing the southern edge of Inner Mongolia. (compound-complex sentence)

8. By the Spring and Autumn Period, which began around the 8th century BC, the Chinese had learned the techniques of wall-building. (loose sentence)

9. Susan knows business management very well. She has got many years’ work experience in business administration. (compound sentence)

10. Oprah Winfrey’s own story is an inspiration. She overcame almost every obstacle that a person might face. (compound-complex sentence)

Ⅱ.修改病句 (15 points,3 points each)

Correct the errors in the following sentences.

Example: After seeing an offensive mouthwash ad on television. I resolved never to buy that

brand again.

11. A new blouse in a fashionable color can update an old outfit; in contrast, adding dramatic jewelry or an attractive scarf can make an old outfit seem new.

12. Judging by Meg’s party, her parents are irresponsible. First of all, there is no adult supervision, for example, wine and beer are served.

13. He said that they should make full use of the water power of the river. And that a small reservoir should be built.

14. My hometown is closer to Beijing than Shijiazhuang.

15. After correcting all the mistakes, the second draft of the paper was much better than the first. Ⅲ.辨认主题句 (15 points, 5 points each)

16. Choose the best topic sentence from the four options below. Write the corresponding letter of your choice on the Answer Sheet.

A. Some political parties have adopted animals to represent them.

B. Cars are given animal names to make consumers associate them with speed and grace.

C. Many professional sports teams, such as the Tigers and Rams, have chosen animal names to suggest power.

D. Many people in the world hold animals in such high regard that they use animals’ names for their organizations and products.

17. Read the following paragraph and write the topic sentence on the Answer Sheet.

We are on our way to becoming a cashless, checkless society, a trend that began with the credit card. Now some banks are offering “debit cards” instead of credit cards. The costs of purchases made with these cards are deducted from the holder’s bank account instead of being added to a monthly bill. And checking accounts, which are mainly used for paying bills, are going electronic. Now some people can make computer transactions over their pushbutton phones to pay bills by transferring money from their account to the account of whomever they owe. Soon we may be able to conduct most of our business without signing a check or actually seeing the money we earn and spend.

18. Read the following paragraph and choose the best topic sentence from the four options that follow. Write the corresponding letter of your choice on the Answer Sheet.

Cutting down on your responsibilities is one way to minimize stress in your life. You can also relax yourself by breathing deeply, rather than taking light, shallow breaths. Peaceful music is also soothing if you focus your attention on it and consciously disregard distracting thoughts. Another good way to release

tension is to exercise regularly, which, rather than tiring you out, builds energy and endurance.

A. Stress has several harmful effects, so you must minimize them.

B. There are several ways you can reduce stress in your life.

C. Cutting down on responsibilities lessens stress.

D. You can relax by breathing deeply.

Ⅳ.重新组合段落 (5 points, l point each)

19. Rearrange the following sentences so that they read logically. Write the corresponding letters in a proper sequence on the Answer Sheet. The positions of some sentences have been given.

A. After several conversations with salespeople, she then buys what she came into the store for in the first place, but all the while, my father has been reading a mystery in the car.

B. My father has grown to hate stores of all kinds.

C. My mother, on the other hand, has a somewhat more complicated approach.

D. As she does so, she draws up two mental lists-one of items that she can afford and the other of items she cannot.

E. His view is that one should go into a store, buy what one came for, and leave.

F. While she believes that one should enjoy oneself as much as possible while shopping, my father feels enjoyment and shopping are two different things.

G. She prefers to look carefully over every single item in the store.

Ⅴ. 划掉与段落内容无关的句子 (10 points, 5 points each)

20. Read the following paragraph and write the TWO irrelevant sentences on the Answer Sheet. Studies reveal that people’s first names can have influence on them. Clearly, Chinese names are quite different. Some names reflect on people in a positive way. For example, one survey showed that American men consider the name Susan to be sexy. And participants in a British study thought Tony to be the name of someone very friendly. However, other names can have a negative impact. In one study, for instance, teachers gave lower grades to essays supposedly written by boys named Hubert and Elmer than to the very same essays when they were credited to boys with more popular names. Another study found that girls with unpopular names did worse on IQ and achievement tests than girls with more appealing names. So IQ and achievement tests are important and necessary in studying names.

Ⅵ. 写信 (40 points)

21. Suppose you (Wang Lin) have finished your study, during which Professor Li helped you a lot both in your study and in your life. Write a letter to thank him. Tell him with examples that you have learned a lot from him in terms of knowledge and positive attitude towards difficulties. And

also tell him that with what you have learned from him, you have got a good job in a company or you have started your own business. (150-200 words)

I. Write an outline. (20 points)

Read the following passage carefully and compose a “sentence outline” for it.

Styles of Dress as Reflections of Social Conditions

Something that becomes very apparent when we study the topic of fashion is that clothes and style are related to so much more than merely an individual’s appearance. For thousands of years, fashion and style have been primary indicators about a person’s social status, sexuality, wealth, individuality, and overall personality attributes.

In the 20th century alone, each decade has been marked by distinctly different manners for dress for both men and women. Our Halloween tradition exemplifies this very clearly with “costumes” such as a 1920’s “flapper girl” and the 1960’s “hippie.” With deeper consideration, however, these differing fashion styles can be viewed as representative of the related social conditions occurring at the time.

As stated by Pasacoe, “The fashion of the 1920’s reflected the Jazz Age perfectly. It was made for fast automobiles and Charlestondance. For the first time in western fashion the knee was socially acceptable.” Although there are many theories regarding what causes fashion to change, the fact that social climate is reflected in styles of dress has a great deal of support. Perhaps the reason why so much change occurred in women’s dress in the early decades of the century is that so many changes occurred regarding women’s roles and fights within that same time frame.

Another decade in which fashion was strongly indicative of the underlying social conditions is the turbulent 1960’s. One of the most noted developments accredited to this decade is the introduction of the miniskirt. Many social historians relate the introduction of the miniskirt to the introduction of the birth control pill. Women became sexually liberated and the “free love” era began. These miniskirts came to symbolize the new liberation for women and the ssocial climate of the decade. As stated in Vogue at the end of the decade, “The length of your skirt is how you feel this moment.”

Towards the end of the 1960's, younger generations were rejecting the establishment and rejecting the idea of high fashion along with it. Students wore long hair, faded denim jeans, and flamboyant patterns. Many wore combat jackets and surplus shirts to anti-war rallies. As Hoeymaker stated, “By the end of the decade, cheap, flamboyant clothes became expensive designer labels. The hippie style became high fashion; in fact ‘anti-fashion’ became the biggest fashion of all.” In this case, clothes became a form of protest.

Overall, there are countless examples of how fashion is influenced by the social climate of the times. Over the past thousands of years, the socially “appropriate” styles of dress for men and women have varied tremendously. Regardless of what exactly constituted“stylish” fashion during any given time period, one thing that remains constant is that fashion has always been a significant aspect of one's life and the time in which they lived.

II. Supply the missing paragraph. (20 points)

The following passage is incomplete with one body paragraph missing. Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph in about 100 words. Make sure that your tone and diction are in unity with the passage provided.

Say No to Blind Optimism

“Is the glass half full or half empty?" This question is often asked to determine whether someone

is an optimist or a pessimist. In my view, even though we need to see the glass half full, we cannot deny the fact that the glass is also half empty. Having a healthy proportion of expectations makes us more realistic. Blind optimism, however, may foster delusions, result in frustrations and spoil relationships.

We all long for accomplishments, but sometimes we overstress the positive outcome of our effort and waste our time with glori ous plans that will never work. We indulge ourselves in delusions and impractical dreams. We fail to see that blind optimism only gives us false promises and clouds our sense of judgment. Ambition without clear directions cannot lead to a victorious experience. We need to understand that wishful thinking and delusions won’t work.

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Balanced optimism helps us to develop healthy relationships whereas blind optimism destroys them. One of the reasons for short-lived friendships is that we tend to expect too much of our friends. However, they may not always live up to our expectations. This gives rise to disappointment and misunderstanding. Friendships or relationships consequently turn sour. Some relationships may be seriously affected, with all parties experiencing much pain. A more realistic outlook helps us to understand human limitations, show more consideration for others and prevent excess expectations. To sum up, blind optimism does more harm than good and should be discarded. Saying no to blind optimism means we can fly but we fly with the safest bet, with the parachute, so that we don’t drop hard. It proves our ability to accept weaknesses and strive for the best. It gives us second options in our lives and alleviates the pains and disappointments that life imposes on us. This holistic attitude, accepting both positive and negative sides, will make us stronger and more mature. After all, a lotus is a beautiful flower that blossoms out of the mud.

IlI. Compose an essay. (60 points)

Some people enjoy playing sports individually while others love to play in groups. Which do you prefer? Write a 300-word expository essay stating your reasons.