国际会计学课后答案

我们学的是弗雷德里克.D.S.乔伊编著的《国际会计学》第五版（东北财经大学出版社），老师给了自己做的课后的讨论题和习题的英文版的答案，我想请大家帮忙翻译成中文版的，谢谢啦！下面附上中文题目和老师给的英文答案。CHAPTER9DiscussionQuestions1.使用财务报表进行经营分析的4个步骤是什么？为什么在每个步骤中，国际背景下的分析要比对单个国家的分析更困难？答：a.BusinessstrategyanalysisDifficultiesincross-borderbusinessstrategyanalysis:Identifyingkeyprofitdriversandbusinessriskintwoormorecountriescanbedaunting.Businessandlegalenvironmentsandcorporateobjectivesvaryaroundtheworld.Manyrisks(suchasregulatoryrisk,foreignexchangerisk,andcreditrisk)needtobeevaluatedandbroughttogethercoherently.Insomecountries,sourcesofinformationarelimitedandmaynotbeaccurate.b.AccountinganalysisDifficultiesinaccountinganalysis:Twoissuesareimportanthere.Thefirstiscross-countryvariationinaccountingmeasurementquality,disclosurequality,andauditquality.Nationalcharacteristicsthatcausethisvariationincluderequiredandgenerallyacceptedpractices,monitoringandenforcement,andextentinmanagerialdiscretioninfinancialreporting.Thesecondissueconcernsthedifficultyinobtaininginformationneededtoconductaccountinganalysis.ThelevelofcredibilityandrigoroffinancialreportinginAnglo-Americancountriesgenerallyismuchhigherthanthatfoundelsewhere.Infact,financialreportingqualitycanbesurprisinglylowinbothdevelopedandemerging-marketcountries.c.Financialanalysis(ratioanalysisandcashflowanalysis)Difficultiesinfinancialanalysis:Extensiveevidencerevealssubstantialcross-countrydifferencesinprofitability,leverage,andotherfinancialstatementratiosandamountsthatresultfrombothaccountingandnon-accountingfactors.Differencesinfinancialstatementitemscausedbynationaldifferencesinaccountingprinciplescanbesignificant,andunpredictableinamount.Evenafterfinancialstatementamountsaremadereasonablycomparable,interpretationofthoseamountsmustconsidercross-countrydifferencesineconomic,competitive,andotherconditions.dProspectiveanalysis(forecastingandvaluation)Difficultiesinprospectiveanalysis:Exchangeratefluctuations,accountingdifferences,differentbusinesspracticesandcustoms,capitalmarketdifferences,andmanyotherfactorshavemajoreffectsoninternationalforecastingandvaluation.Applicationofpricemultiplesinacross-bordersettingrequiresthatthedeterminantsofeachmultiple,andreasonswhymultiplesvaryacrossfirms,bethoroughlyunderstood.Nationaldifferencesinaccountingprinciplesareonesourceofcross-countryvariationsintheseratios.问题补充：这段续上：Finally,allfourstagesofbusinessanalysismaybeaffectedby:i.informationaccess,ii.timelinessofinformationiii.foreigncurrencyissuesiv.differencesinfinancialstatementformatsv.languageandterminologybarriers.3.对流行的有效市场假说的一个解释是，信息一旦公开，市场对此就会充分地加以反映。因此，利用可以公开获得的信息（如公司公布的账目）进行基本财务分析，绝不可能打败市场。为什么这一假说在美国可能比在其它国际资本市场更能站得住脚？答：Informationaccessibilityisamajorconditionforanefficientcapitalmarket,thatis,informationmustberapidlyanalyzedandmadeavailabletoinvestorscapableofactingonit.IntheUnitedStatesandotherbroadly-basedfinancialmarkets,awholeindustryspecializingininformationanalysisanddisseminationhasdeveloped.Similarinvestmentanalysisservicesinmanynon-U.S.capitalmarketsareatanearlierstageofdevelopment.

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跪求答案可付钱

从1978年11月至1985年12月,FASB（美国制定会计准则的机构）共发表了六份公告,即SFACNOs.1-6,其中NO.6取代了NO.3。15年后,即2000年2月,FASB又发表了SFACNO.7,其目的在于推广应用公允价值。因此,当前美国名义上有七份概念公告,实际发挥作用的则是六份(SFACNOs.1、2、4、5、6、7)。2006年2月15日,财政部发布新的会计准则体系。在新准则中,很多方面都体现了与国际会计准则的趋同,其中17个具体准则涉及公允价值的应用,更被视为一大亮点。我国会计界对公允价值给予了前所未有的关注,许多学者参与到对公允价值的研究和讨论中。新会计准则颁布前(1997-2005),国内关于公允价值研究的文献主要集中在对公允价值概念的理解、公允价值的理论基础等方面。