英语导游证笔试导游词

这个绝对好！海南-天涯海角英文介绍-天涯海角英语导游词Fellow friends: Welcome everybody to arrive motherland most South End city Sanya to go sightseeing the traveling. First asks everybody to turn on the glass to feel, the Hainan pure non- pollution air, the sunlight, the sea water, the sand beach and the good environment! Our vehicle now goes this road, is a Sanya most characteristic road - shore sea route. Left side of the vehicle, floats in the sea level that two small islands, is "east the hawk's-bill turtle state island" and "west the hawk's-bill turtle state island". East the hawk's-bill turtle state island now also not the to foreign countries opening up, west the hawk's-bill turtle state island invests more than 1 billion developments by the Taiwan merchant. Now becomes the tourist to feel the natural scenery and the entertainment best place, by the person is "aquatic small Penglai" these two islands is Sanya one of eight scenery "the wave floats the pair ". Has good which a speech said, comes Hainan not to come Sanya - to be equal to has not come Hainan, comes Sanya not to go to the ends of the earth - to be equal to has not come Sanya. That ends of the earth in where Inherits the China traditional culture the people are open the imagination like this the wing, locates the remote place in the ends of the earth. The ends of the earth are used for to describe remote difficulty with is near to, even if can be near to also must pass through thousand tribulation places. The ends of the earth tour area is situated with the Chinese most south City of Sanya western suburbs 26 kilometers place, we also take 20 minutes to be possible to arrive. Today each position rushed under the horizon cape many years desire to be very quick may realize. The ends of the earth tour are Hainan travel one of most splendid programs, is line of Hainan Subject Tune. Today lets us in a return nature, happy passed this happy day, leaves behind an unforgettable recollection. This scenic area mainly has the tropics beach granite scenic spot, the shopping area and the country club composition, integrates the tropics sea scenery, the historical vestige, the Chinese folk custom culture is a body traveling scenic spot, we mainly are tour this scenic area subject landscape, the horizon, the cape, south landscape and so on a day column. Each group friend, ends of the earth were very quick must arrive, then, how we did understand the ends of the earth We first may look from the wording that, simple mentions, the horizon is border of the day, the cape is angle of the sea. Believed such solid everybody is does not will satisfy. Usually thought the day is limitless, therefore does not matter the ends of the earth. But cape, also the sea bay is real solid, the cape is not everywhere all has Really was too ordinary, we said the cape is each present saw left side this Wang cape, this was angle of the sea. The obvious people usually said ends of the earth certainly not that simple, the ends of the earth are use for the shape with nominal to be remote but difficulty with are near to or must the place which can arrive after the untold hardships, thus it can be seen, from ancient to present, the people often said the ends of the earth certainly refer in particular to some place. Then, why chooses this place to call it the ends of the earth Is bringing this question, lets us tour together, uncovers the happy center this to confuse. Now we already entered the ends of the earth tour area parking lot, we ride the view lathe finishing stops in here, this was "ties Ma Xuanche" the time, the tour time is a half hour, quite is perhaps laborious in the tour process. Because the scenic area horizon, the cape acts according to the horizon good hard labor, the cape road is endless. Sedulously builds. Everybody wants to see the horizon, the cape carved stone, needs to pass through a section of long tropics seacoasts sand beach to be able to arrive. Achieves after the destination, but also must the old route return, so can realize after the untold hardships the predecessor, rushes the ends of the earth taste. The millennium walks, ends of the earth, a this time life big pleasure. The friend, lets us go to the horizon is together the date, the cape embraces the month, is keeping this happy time. This is we a carved stone which meet along the beach south, above the quarter has "the sea to sentence the day", what meaning sentences in here is Sentences for separates, the separation, the resolution meaning, may think the South China Sea separates with the south day in this. If our back is treating this megalith together, the surface faces south also can comprehend, also may say the sea the belt and south the day, separates or separates. Whether, also may so understand that, The earth, the sea, separates with the south day while this also is in this convergence. We have been turning head have a look, who is this writes writes? Is clear Kanghsi 53 years imperial envoy Miao the Cao soup side, patrols engraves to this topic, this time ends of the earth scenic spot at present discovered earliest carved stone. Proceeds not to be able to go out 20 meters rice, in a seashore megalith, is the world-wide civilization "south a day column". Carved stone, "south a day column" On Funds is engraving, Xuantong Period first year four small characters, the signature at the end of the letter engraves, "Yongan Fan scaling ladder" inscription. "The Xuantong Period first year" also was "in 1909", Yongan was the geographic name, will be refers to "forever Anju" after the textual research, also is the present Guangxi celebrates the state area the manganese mountain county. "The Fan scaling ladder" is "south a day column" inscription author. Character step of month, Yongan sluice village person. Is born in the clear Tongzhi two years, "the Fan scaling ladder" in Hainan for the official around 18 years, the Xuantong Period Yuan lunar new year's eve clear royal government corrupt is incompetent. The foreign big powers stream in, carves up the Chinese Qing Dynasty to occupy together beset with difficulties both at home and abroad, crisis-ridden in, is precarious, at that time 46 year-old "the Fan scaling ladder" took the post of the cliff state Knowledge State, painstakingly planned a business enterprise Hainan Island this quick barren land. Side one day patrols sees in startled Tao to this a stone column to be indomitable spirit, the surging emotions rush, are filled with emotion. Is correct is, "the country is prosperous, the ordinary man has the responsibility". Italy to the pen, "south a day column" four large brush-written Chinese characters finished a piece of writing at one go. Only sees the typeface solemnly, vigorous is powerful, writes down full, The word is near The aim is far. Completely is the day becomes quite the same as. Ancient times the ancients "the place day circle", thought the earth is a square shape, therefore has four cardinal points view, the day is round, the day cage is covering "the square earth", earth four cardinal points separately has four is supporting the sky with the pillar, the like this south day as soon as leaned on has catered to the people's saying of place day circle. The people see this "south the day as soon as to lean on" greatly may not need to worry the day must collapse collapses down. South the day as soon as leans on in the independent stone rock pile, stands erect shore of in the South China Sea, Wonderful Great magnificent sight. South the day as soon as leans on the horizon which must tour with us behind, the cape constitutes the subject scenic area together three big landscapes. 1,986 edition two round Renminbi back designs use are this "south a day column" scenery chart. Is extending the sand beach about 200, dead ahead more than 10 Mi Gao granite hill. Is the famous horizon carved stone locus. Yong Zheng 11 years, when no matter what the Chinese most South End cliff state Too Defends regulation is wise, one day, passed by the bay, in a megalith decision beach road, constructs the natural blockade, the crag goes against the blue sky, stands tall and erect the horizon, the green hill white clouds surrounds faces the mysterious sea breeze to blow, the initiation feeling, the topic has then written "the horizon" two characters. Is apart from now to have more than 260 years history, now took the traveling scenic area is open to the tourist, the fascinating horizon two characters it may be said a character continually city. But the cape two characters, it is said were hands of the end of the Qing writer, although had all sorts of hearsays, but until now for a while is unable to textually research, but got up the inscription which could good intention, the round people ends of the earth dream, has let feel emotion the person and has the reason person in since birth the year, snuggled up to accompanies angle of the this sea, border of the day, watched this sea the mighty waves, was listening attentively to the summon which loved. Promises the manifesto once more which loves, lets the firm love story reappearance. Has certainly had to give own family member, the relatives and friends, the sweetheart to "the ends of the earth" makes a phone call. Tells him (her) I also to worry about you in the ends of the earth. Delivers you a crystal same heart!

导游考试英文导游词Good morning ! My name is Can I begain?Attention, and gentlement .Welcome to beautiful city ,Nanjing ,I am the guide xuyi .Today, we are going to visit *****. On the way to ****,let me introduce the beautiful city ,Nanjing .Nanjing is the capital city of Jiangsu Province and the provincial political, economic and cultural center ,she is located in the lower reaches of Yangtze river,southwest of the population of its urban area is about is one of the historical and cultural cities rectified by the bears the reputation of the capital of Wu, Easter Jin, Song,Qi,Liang,Chen,Southern Tang,Ming, Taiping Kingdom, and Republic of china is a place of celebrities and humanities, with a splendid cultrual attraction of Nanjing consists in the combination of rich natural and cultrual many a relics of the Republic of china era in particluar , Nanjing is recognized as the museum of modern Chinese YATSEN’S MAUSOLEUMAmong al the historical and cultural attractions in Nanjing, the most favored highlight is Yaten’s Yatsen’s Mausoleum sits on the southern slope of the pruple Mountain in the eatern subrub of the city. The construction began on March 12,1926 and was completed in 1929 when the remains of Yatsen was transported from Beijing and buried at the present site on June, Yatsen, also named Sun Wen or Sun Zhongshan, is considered as the forerunner of the Chinese democratic Yatsen is a great man because he devoted 40 yeas of his life to pursuing his dream to overthrow the feudal monarchy and build a progressive, united and democratic Republic of was Yatsen buried in Nanjing instead of in his hometown or Beijing where he died?The mausoleum site was first recommended to Yatsen by the abbot of Linggu Temple for its good geomantic day in April, 1912, he went hunting at the site of present mausoleum with his Yatsen was really so amazed by the beautiful environment that he aid to them :”I wish I could be bestowed a piece of land by people and be buried here after my death”.He once again expressed this desire in his sickbed in architect named Lu Yanzhi . Yasen’s Mausoleum is designed in the shape of a liberty bell, intending to remind people never to get self-contented. The park of mausoleum covers an area of 800000 square meters. The whole architecture ,from the gateway to the main entrance,tablet pavilion ,memorial hall and the tomb valult,lies on the north-south axis with 392 steps ans 10 platforms in between .The buildings are all constructed with natural granite and marbls and convered by blue glazed-title to the bronze incense-burner off the quare, stands the 12-meter high gateway of three arches with Yatsen’s handwriting “Fraternity” carved on its front top. The 480-meter long tomb avenue, lined wih pine ,gingko and maple trees ,leads to the main entrance tower roofed by blue-glazed the front eave of the tower, Yatsen’s motto ‘The world belongs to people ‘ can be seen .Walking through it , the first building one will seee is the tablet pavilion which houses a huge tombstone which is engraved with ‘Premier is buried here by the Chinese Koumingtang on Jone1,1929’. From there, a panoramic view of the memorial hall can be obtained. However, there are still 392 steps in 4 flight to go before tourists reach the memorial hall on the top , and a platform with stone benches at evry flight so as not to exhaust the memorial hall stands meters abov the ground. The lintel of the memorial hall is inscried with “nationalism, democratic rights and people’s livelihood” and a vertical plaque is carved with 4 characters “Hao qi chang cun ” meaning imperishable noble spirit. All these words are written in ’s own hand. In the center of the memorial hall sits the Italian white marble statue of Yatsen mounted on a pedestal carved in bas-relief by a Polish sculptor about his revolutionary activities. The surrounding walls are inscribed with the national constitution written by Yatsen. Beyond the memorial hall is the tomb vault .Standing by the side of the pool, as visitors look down, they bow to see Yatsen’s reclining marble statue with his body buried 5 meters underneath. If one looks up, he will find the emblem of the nationalist Party on the one wraps up the homage tour and steps down, he will not only enjoy a bird’s eyeview of beautiful Nanjing , but also feel toally reliveed because he does not see any more of those 392 steps , but the platforms. Not until then, will he understand how great Yatsen whole mausoleum is an architectural complex in a typical and traditional Chinese style, and the layout is harmonious and the buildings are roofed with blue-glazed tiles. With pine trees and cypresses growing around ,the mausoleum looks magnificent and ’s Mausoleum attracts thousands of visitors Tomb of The Ming DynastyXiaoling Tomb,or the tomb of filial piety, built 600 years ago ,is the mausoleum of Zhu Yuan zhang , the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty. Lying at the southern foot of the Purple Mountain ,the tomb complex is one of the largest ancient mausoleums of the emperors in Yuanzhang began to have his tomb built in 1381 when his wife Empress Ma died. The empress was buried in the tomb in Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang died in 1398 and was buried here in the same the construction of the mausoleum lasted 38 years or more till 1431 when ‘the Steke if Sacred Neruts abd Virtues of Great Ming’ Filial Tomb’ was mausoleum consists of two major first section is from the Gateway of Dismounting Horse to the Lingxing Gate at the end of Sacred Way(tomb avenue), of which the approach is 1800 meters long. The second part is the tomb itself. Historical records indicate the mausoleum had a grand red wall, kilometers long, enclosing the whole tomb area. The tomb conple was very large with many splendid buildings. 100000 pines were planted and 1000 deer raised in the park of mausoleum. Unfortunately, this large group of buildings was ruined by the wars in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties and the war in which by the Qing Dynasty army. All the wooden structures wre destroyed. However we can still see the exquisite stone carvings from the stone bases and imagine how magnificent it looked like 600 years tomb gate known as grand golden gate was a traditional architecture and connected with the red wall. The gateway of Dismounting Horse locates about 750 meters south from shows the absolute dignity of Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang at that the east of the gateway,there are two tablets:the holy Mountain Tablet and the Tablet of Mountain Forbidden Regulations decreeing the entrance of the ordinary people into the holy area was to be severely punished. The royal court dispatched troops here to atand as guards at the mausoleum in the is why the site has been called Xiaolingwei meaning the Town of Filial from the great golden gate, a huge roofless stone tablet pavilion canbe seen ,it is the Square Castle, as local people call it . Its top is gone but the surrounding walls and four archways still remain. In the middle of the building ,there stands ans meters high stele called :The Stele of Sacred Merits and Virtues of Great Ming’s Filial was built in 1413 by the third emperor ,Zhu yuanzhang ‘s fourth stele is inscribed altogether with 2746 Chinese characters in praise of the merits and virtues of Emperor Zhu yuanzhang .The sacred way is lined on both sides with 12 pairs of giant stone animals in 6 kiinds. For each kind of the animals, there are one pair standing and the other kneeling. The standing pair is working and the kneeling resting and they are on duty alternately. The real purpose of building these animals is to demonstrate the royal magnificence and the emperor’s dignity, to drive away evil spirits and guard the tomb. The first 2 pairs of animals are lions, king of the beasts symbolizing second 2 pairs of animals are called Bixie, a unicorn-shaped mythical animal, said to e clever and capale of distinguishing between good and following pairs of animals include camels, elepahants, Kylins or chinese unicorns and horses. The camel is known as boat in the desert and symbol of prosperity. Each elephant , which is the largest and heaviest sculpture, weighs 80 tons and symbolizes peace. The kylin represents good luck as well as horse ancient times ,it was rather difficult to move these heavy stone animals. The fact is that workers splashed water on the ground in cold winter, and pushed the stone animals to the present locations on the surface of frozen meter-high stone pillars serve as alters for the sacrificial offerings. Both the hexagonal pillars are carved with the patterns of clouds and dragons arousing visitors’sreverence and worship to the emperor . The sacred avenue makes a right turn here just because the Plum Blossom Hill stands in the way. The hill is the tomb for Sun Quan , The first emperor of Eastern Wu kingdom. It is said that when the tomb was constructed,some ministers suggested that Sun Quan’s tomb should be moved away. But Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang commented that Sun Quan was a good fellow and should stay there to be the concierge of his tomb. The Plum Blossom hill now is popular excursion site for the local people in spring when the plum trees are in full the memorial pollars there are 4 pairs of stone WenZhongs,2 pairs each of court officials and warriors. Legend has it that there was a giant about 10meters tall of Qin warriors, high, are in armor with weapons in hands while court officials are in court ceremonial robe with writing board in hans to take notes of the emperor’s the statue, there used to be a gate named Lingxing 270 meters away from the gate is the stone bridge spanning over a small stream, yet it is called the Imperial Moat bridge used to have 5 arches , but was renovated into 3 arches later in the Qing Dynasty. The bridge foundation and stone dykes are the original except the 200 meters north of the Imperial Moat Bridge is the front gate to the tomb. This area is the rear section of the arch gate has 5 doorways, with yellow glazed tiles, red walls and doors . The lintel of the middle gate is engraved with 3 Chinese characters Meaning ‘Xiaoling Tomb of Ming Dynasty’. Or “Ming’s Filial Tomb” given by the emperor himself but Ming was added actually later in the Qing timees. It reflects the emperor’s idea to administer the country with filial piety which is the very instruction of Confucius, the most influential Chinese the right of the gate, there is a table stone on which is inscribed with ‘The Special Notice’ written in 6 foreign languages of Japanese,German, English, French, Italian and Russian respectivel to reaffirm the attention to the protection of the filial tomb in the late Qing the gate is an entrance hall, of which in the middle is ‘the Stele of Administering the ountry well as the Tang and Song dynasties’. The tablet stone is engraved with the handwriting of Emperor Kangxi when he was paying his homage to the entombed emperor during his third inspection tour to the area in behind the hall is the Filial Hall or Sacrificial hall ,which is one of the major buildings in the mausoleum employed to enshrine Emperor Zhun Yuanzhang and his the original was destroyed in the wars, and the present one was rebuilt and twice restored in the Qing citadel of Treasures is the last building on the ground, high, 75 meters wide and 31 meters in depth. Ascending a flight of 54 stone stairs from an archway of the citadel is the tomb proper covered by a large earthen mound 400 meters in diameter. Under the mound rest the emperor and his consorts , and as the records testify, 50 or more concubines and maids of honor were buried alive for company. Their families were ensured holy titles, but these young lives became the eternal victims of feudal sacrifice tomb is at the foot of Purple Mountain. It has not been excavated because of the technical reasons of TempleLinggu Temple park lies about one and half kilometers to the east of Yatsen’s Mausoleum. It was called Jiangshan Temple in ancient time and its original site was in Dulongfu at the foot of the purple Mountain. However, in the early days of the Ming Dynast(1368-1644),Emperor Zhun Yuanzhang chose that place to build his tomb, thus the temple had to be moved and rebuilt at the present site and was renamed as the Linggu Temple with an inscription “The Fist Buddhist Forest” at the entrance there is a secluded footpath with thousands of pine trees, verdant and luxuriant , so it is called the “Valley of Spirit Deep in Pines”. It is one of the 48 attractions in Nanjing . Main attractions in the park include LInggu Temple , the gateway of officers and men killed in action, Beamless hall,Pine and Wind Pavilion, Linggu Pagoda, Monk Baogong Pagoda and Table of three Great Artists, first major attracton is the gate way of officials and men killed in action. In November 1928, when Chiang Kaishek’s Kuomintang government made a decision to turn the Linggu temple into a crmetery of officials and men killed in battles, the original entrance to the temple was rebuilt into a three-arch gateway for the dead officials and men. The gateway has 5 principle colums made of concrete cement. The gate has its foundation inlaid with granite on surface and roofed by blue-glazed tile. The lintel of the middle door is carved with 4 Chinese characters “great Justice and Virtue” in front face and “Salvation of the Nation and People” on the back. The side lintels of the gate are decorated with the emblems of the Kmt the park there is the Beamless Hall built in 1381 in the Ming dynast. The hall, meters long, meters wide and 22meters high, was built entirely of bricks and stones from top to bottom without a piece of wood, hence the name. There are nine ouverlapping redges and three dagobas decorating the top reges. In terms of size, the Beamless Hall stands first and formost of its kind in china. It was built more than 200 years earlier than the other same kind Hall in other wonder it is considered a masterpiece of Chinese stone-brick buildings. The diffculty involved in its construction and the complexity of techniques adopted testify the wisdom of the architects of that time in 1928, the KMT government turned the hall into a sacrificial memorial hall to hold memorial ceremony for the martyrs, and a stand in the main lobby of the hall for worshipping the Boundless Longevity Buddha was turned into sacrificial platform. The middle of the three tablets on the hall is engraved with characters reading “The Bier of the National Revolutionary Martys”.”Dying Words of the State father” inscribed on the right and national antem of the Republic of china on names of 33000 officials and men died in the North Expedition War against Warlords and the War of Resistance against Japan are carved on the black marble tablets inlaid in the walls. All these remain intact as they were in the irregular and zigzag enclosure wall is built between the Beamless Hall and the Pine and Wind Pavilion, symbolizing the rim of KMT Blussky and Dayright Flag. A tree planted in the middle of a circle symbolizes the Sun with brick made halo cemetery is in between the two sacrificial pillars standing near the hall. The other two cemeteries locate on both west and east of the Beamless whole design seems that the cemetery is under the bluesky and Daybright Pine and Wind Pavilion was built in 1929, as the memorial hall of the officials and men killed in the action with the things left behind by the pavilion was damaged in the war of Resistance against Japan and restored agter 1949. The present name Pine and wind Pavilion was given after its restoration. Beyond the Pavilion is and ancient two-layered tripod , on which is inscribed 4 characters “Engraved Trepod for Memory of Merits”Linggu Pagoda was built in 1933 as a memorial pagoda for the officials and men killed in wars. The ninestoreyed ovtagonal, is over sixty-meter-high, with a corridor encircled by stone rails on each story. The pagoda was designed by the famous architects Mao Fei and Dong Dayou . 3 characters “Linggupagoda” are inscribed on the lintel of the front door and “where there is a will there’s a way” on the lintel of the back door. On the exterior wall there are 4 characters “Faithful Dedication to the Service of the nation” which is the handwriting of Chiang Kaishek. Inside the pagoda a spiral staircase of 252 steps winds to the top through the nine stories. The inner walls from the second floor to the forth are inlaid with ’s farewell speech made in Whangpoa Military Academy on November 30,1924 just before the starting of the North Expedition War. The inner walls from fifth to the eighth are inlaid with ’s opening speech for Whangpoa Militray Academy made on June 16,1924. When one gets to the top story and gazes into the distance, one can get panoramic view of the entire area with fantastic the bushes west of Pine and Pavilion there lies a tomb pagoda “Baogong Pagoda” named after the eminent Monk Baozhi of the southern linggu Temple was relocated to the present site in the Ming dynasty and Linggu Buddhist Monastery by Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang. The present temple is much small than it used to be .In the temple there is the Treasure Hll of the Great Sage. In the east of the hall , there is a chamber , which used to be called the Goddesso fo mercy Hall. But it is turned to bhe memorial hll of Master Xuan zang, who went on a pilgrimage to India in the 7th century and brought back with him large quantities of Buddhist sutras. Then he devoted to the translation of these sutras and greatly enriched the Chinese Buddhist culture in the Tang wall of Ming DynastyThe building of the wall began in 1366, ordered by Zhu Yuanzhang who adopted the suggestion of “building the high wall” by one of his staff and founded the Ming Dynasty two years than 200000 people were employed on the project and many of them died befor the wall was completed in wall was kilomters in circumference and meters high on average. The base of the wall is 14meters wide and the top of the wall is 7meters was the ongest city wall in the world and the city enclosed by it remained the world’s largest until the 17th century. Great part of the wall base is made of granite or rectangular slabs of lime stone,and both sides of the wall are laid with huge bricks. Each brick is 45 centimeters long, 20 centimeters wide and 10 centimeters thick with a weight of 15 kilograms. The bricks were cemented in with a mortar of lime mixed with tung oil and glutinous rice gruel. In order to guarantee the quality of the wall, Zhu Yuanzhang had tight control over the making of all bricks. The brick-makeers and the officials were responsible for overseeing the quality. In case a brick was found not up to the standard, all of them were supposed to be punished. Therefore many parts of the wall are

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英语导游词作文

一篇完整的`导游词，其结构一般包括习惯用语、概括介绍、重点讲解三个部分。那大家会用英语写一份导游词吗？下面是我为大家整理的英语导游词作文，供大家参考。

Emperor Qin Shihuang (.) had Ying as his surname and Zheng as his given name. He name to the throne of the Qin at age 13, and took the helm of the state at age of 22. By 221 ., he had annexed the six rival principalities of Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao and Wei, and established the first feudal empire in China’s history.

In the year 221 ., when he unified the whole country, Ying Zheng styled himself emperor. He named himself Shihuang Di, the first emperor in the hope that his later generations be the second, the third even the one hundredth and thousandth emperors in proper order to carry on the hereditary system. Since then, the supreme feudal rulers of China’s dynasties had continued to call themselves Huang Di, the emperor.

After he had annexed the other six states, Emperor Qin Shihuang abolished the enfeoffment system and adopted the prefecture and county system. He standardized legal codes, written language, track, currencies, weights and measures. To protect against harassment by the Hun aristocrats. Emperor Qin Shihuang ordered the Great Wall be built. All these measures played an active role in eliminating the cause of the state of separation and division and strengthening the unification of the whole country as well as promotion the development of economy and culture. They had a great and deep influence upon China’s 2,000 year old feudal society.

Emperor Qin Shihuang ordered the books of various schools burned except those of the Qin dynasty’s history and culture, divination and medicines in an attempt to push his feudal autocracy in the ideological field. As a result, China’s ancient classics had been devastated and destroy. Moreover, he once ordered 460 scholars be buried alive. Those events were later called in history“the burning of books and the burying of Confucian scholars.”

Emperor Qin Shihuang，for his own pleasure, conscribed several hundred thousand convicts and went in for large-scale construction and had over seven hundred palaces built in the Guanzhong Plain. These palaces stretched several hundred li and he sought pleasure from one palace to the other. Often nobody knew where he ranging treasures inside the tomb, were enclosed alive.

Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum has not yet been excavated. What looks like inside could noly be known when it is opened. However, the three pits of the terra-cotta warriot excavated outside the east gate of the outer enclosure of the necropolis can make one imagine how magnificent and luxurious the structure of Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum was.

Pit was stumbled upon in March 1974 when villagers of Xiyang Village of Yanzhai township, Lintong County, sank a well east of the mausoleum. In 1976, and 3 Pits were found 20m north of Pit respectively after the drilling survey. The terra-cotta warriors and horses are arrayed according to the Qin dynasty battle formation, symbolizing the troops keeping vigil beside the mausoleum. This discovery aroused much interest both at home and abroad. In 1975, a museum, housing the site of and covering an area of 16,300 square meters was built with the permission of the State Council. The museum was formally opened to public on , the National Day, 1979.

Pit is 230 meters long from east to west, 62m wide from north to south and 5m deep , covering a total area of 14,260 square meters. It is an earth-and-wood structure in the shape of a tunnel. There are five sloping entrances on the eastern and western sides of the pit respectively. The pit is divided into eleven corridors by ten earthen partition walls, and the floors are paved with bricks. Thick rafters were placed onto the walls (but now one can only see their remains), which were covered with mats and then fine soil and earth. The battle formation of the Qin dynasty, facing east. In the east end are arrayed three lines of terra-cotta warriors, 70 pieces in each, totaling 210 pieces. They are supposed to be the van of the formation. Immediately behind them are 38 columns of infantrymen alternating with war chariots in the corridors, each being 180m long. They are probably the main body of the formation. There is one line of warriors in the left, right and west ends respectively, facing outwards. They are probably the flanks and the rear. There are altogether 27 trial trench, it is assumed that more than 6,000 clay warriors and horses could be unearthed from Pit.

Pit sis about half the size of Pit, covering about 6,000 square meters Trail diggings show this is a composite formation of infantry, cavalry and chariot soldiers, from which roughly over 1,000 clay warriors, and 500 chariots and saddled horses could be unearthed. The 2,000-year-old wooden chariots are already rotten. But their shafts, cross yokes, and wheels, etc. left clear impressions on the earth bed. The copper parts of the chariots still remain. Each chariot is pulled by four horses which are one and half meters high and two metres long. According to textual research, these clay horses were sculptures after the breed in the area of Hexi Corridor. The horses for the cavalrymen were already saddled, but with no stirups.

Pit covers an area of 520m2 with only four horses, one chariot and 68 warriors, supposed to be the command post of the battle formation. Now, and 3 Pits have been refilled, but visitors can see some clay figures and weapons displayed in the exhibition halls in the museum that had been unearthed from these two pits. The floors of both and 2 Pits were covered with a layer of silt of 15 to 20cm thick. In these pits, one can see traces of burnt beams everywhere, some relics which were mostly broken. Analysis shows that the pits were burned down by Xiang Yu, leader of a peasant army. All of the clay warriors in the three pits held real weapons in their hands and face east, showing Emperor Qin Shihuang’s strong determination of wiping out the six states and unifying the whole country.

The height of the terra-cotta warriors varies from , the shortest, to , the tallest. They look healthy and strong and have different facial expressions. Probably they were sculpted by craftsmen according to real soldiers of the Qin dynasy. They organically combined the skills of round engraving, bas-relief and linear engraving, and utilized the six traditional folk crafts of sculpturing, such as hand-moulding, sticking, cutting, painting and so on. The clay models were then put in kilns, baked and colour-painted. As the terra-cotta figures have beeb burnt and have gone through the natural process of decay, we can’t see their original gorgeous colours. However, most of the terra-cotta figures bear the trace of the original colours, and few of them are still as bright as new. They are found to be painted by mineral dyestuffs of vermilion, bright red, pink dark green, powder green, purple, blue, orange, black and white colours.

Thousands of real weapons were unearthed from these terra-cotta army pits, including broad knives, swords, spears, dagger-axes, halberds, bows, crossbows and arrowheads. These weapons were exquisitely made. Some of theme are still very sharp, analyses show that they are made of alloys of copper and tin, containing more than ten kinds of other metals. Since their surfaces were treated with chromium, they are as bright as new, though buried underground for more than 2,000 years. This indicates that Qin dynasty’s metallurgical technology and weapon-manufacturing technique already reached quite a high December 1980, two teams of large painted bronze chariots and horses were unearthed 20 metres west of the mound of Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Mausoleum. These single shaft four-horse chariots each comprises 3,462 spare parts, and has a body with two compartments, one behind the other, and an elliptical umbrella like canopy. The four horses harnessed to the chariot are 65-67 centimeters tall. The restored bronze chariots and horses are exact imitations of true chariot, horse and driver in half life-size.

The chariots and horses are decorated with coloured drawings against white background. They have been fitted with more than 1,500 piecese of gold and silvers and decorations, looking luxurious, splendid and graceful. Probably they were meant for the use of Emperor Qin Shihuang’s soul to go on inspection. The bronze chariots and horses were made by lost wax casting, which shows a high level of technology. For instance, the tortoise-shell-like canopy is about 4mm thick, and the window is only 1mm thick on which are many small holes for ventilation. According to a preliminary study, the technology of manufacturing the bronze chariots and horses has involved casting, welding, reveting, inlaying embedding and chiseling. The excavation of the bronze chariots and horses provides extremely valuable material and data for the textual research of the metallurgical technique, the mechanism of the chariot and technological modeling of the Qin dynasty.

bronze chariot and horses now on display were found broken into 1,555 pieces when excavated. After two-and-half years’ careful and painstaking restoration by archaeologists and various specialists, they were formally exhibited in the museum on October 1, 1983. bronze chariot hand horses are on display from 1988.

考生参加全国导游资格考试,须同时参加笔试和现场考试(面试)。已经取得中文“导游资格证书”，需转换外语语种的考生(以下称“加试考生”)仅须参加现场考试(面试)。笔试采取机考方式进行，科目为政策与法律法规(科目一)、导游业务(科目二)、全国导游基础知识(科目三)、地方导游基础知识(科目四)，现场考试(面试)科目为导游服务能力(科目五)。其中，科目一、二合并为1张试卷进行测试，科目三、四合并为1张试卷进行测试，每张试卷满分100分，考试时间均为90分钟

考试由笔试与现场考试两部分组成，笔试采取机考方式进行，笔试科目为：政策法规、导游业务、全国导游基础知识、地方导游基础知识（科目一、二、三、四）。现场考试科目为：导游服务能力（科目五），若考英文导游，则为英文口试。

科目一、二合并为1张试卷进行测试，总分100分，考试时间为90分钟。科目三、四合并为1张试卷进行测试，总分100分（其中科目四占比不少于50%），考试时间为90分钟。

笔试每个科目65题（30题单选，35题多选）因为都是选择题，完全可以买本教材自学。

面试的内容主要包括景点导游词讲解和考生基本技能及应变知识的掌握。导游词讲解范围一般会在考试大纲中给出具体要讲解的景点名称，需要用英文进行讲解；导游词讲解完之后，考官会问你几个问题，你要根据所学的进行解答，问题是在所考的5个科目中的内容。部分省份还有中译英和英译中的考查。面试的英文导游词讲解部分会有难度，在考试前建议报个班提高下。

成绩是要以总分，笔试，面试分别划定分数线，都过线了才通过。